4. Hyperthermophilic environments: Hydrothermal vents
from: NOAA
from: NOAA

5. Three stages of metabolism

6. Glycolysis •2 ATPs per glucose used •4 ATPs and 2 NADHs
generated per glucose
NET: 2 ATPs, 2 NADHs
Many of the 3C compounds
can be used in the synthesis
of cell components.

7. TCA Cycle •Pyruvate (3C) from gycolysis
gets converted to AcetylCoA (2C)
and a NADH
which is added to Oxalacetic
acid (4C) to give citrate (6C).
•The acetylCoA part of gets citrate
gets oxidized to
CO2, giving Oxalacetic acid,
3 NADHs, 1 FADH2 and
a GTP (converted to ATP)
•This happens twice (each
glucose gets converted to 2
pyruvates in glycolysis).
•a-ketoglutarate is a very important
intermediate used in biosynthesis

9. Pentose Phosphate Cycle
•Glucose is also broken
down by the PPC to make
NADPH and biosynthetic
intermediates
•Takes 3 glucose (18C) and
converts them to:
2 fructose (12C) +
1 Glyceraldehyde-3-P (3C)
3 CO2 (3C)
•Generates 3 NADPHs in the
process. These are used for
reducing reactions in biosynth.
•Many of the intermediates
5C, 3C, 7C are used in the
biosynthesis of cell material
(see green dots on map) >

10. Fermentation pathways

11. Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chains
Very similar to standard bacterial aerobic respiration chains

13. Relationship of electron donors and acceptors

15. Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chains
Very similar to standard bacterial aerobic respiration chains

16. Eo’ of electron donors and acceptors in the mitochondrial electron transport chain

17. ATP synthesis by electron transport chains

21. Iron precipitation at near an iron mine: Iron rich (Fe2+) anaerobic waters become oxygenated at the surface