1. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING

2. STRUCTURAL TIMBER COMPONENTS
STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
STRUCTURAL TIMBER COMPONENTS
Timber should be bought from sustainable sources.
Such timber is stamped with the symbol of the accrediting body.

3. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
TIMBER STRENGTH
Timber is stamped according to it’s strength properties, as described below:-
Timber Species
British Standard Quality Reference
Strength Grade
Condition
Certification Authority

4. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Structural components include pre-fabricated frames, wall panels, joists and roof trusses.

5. The design of structural members takes into account:
STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
The design of structural members takes into account:
Dead loads - which includes weight of the actual building, such as bricks, tiles and timber.
Imposed loads – machinery, furniture etc.
Live loads – the weight of people in the building.
Snow and wind loads – when it snows, additional loading is imposed on the roof, and wind loads occur in high winds.
Loads are illustrated on the next slide

6. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING

7. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Descriptions of the manufacturing process of structural elements follow:-

8. Each component is pre-cut to the exact dimensions required.
STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Factory-made components result in high levels of repetition, accuracy and quality. This leads to cost savings during construction.
Timber components for a roof truss are laid out on a jig, as shown right.
Each component is pre-cut to the exact dimensions required.

9. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Timber parts are fixed together mechanically, using toothed steel plates.

10. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Studs (verticals) and sole plates are laid out to exact dimensions, and nailed together.

11. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
The panel head is offered up to the panel frame. The head is fixed with pneumatic nail guns.

12. Right – nails fixed to timber.
STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Right – nails fixed to timber.
Below – Pneumatic nail gun and nail cartridge.

13. Right - plywood is then nailed to the frame.
STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Right - plywood is then nailed to the frame.
Left – a breather membrane is placed over the plywood.

14. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Bands are stapled to the panel to mark the positions of studs. This helps tradesmen on site to establish fixing points for other building components.

15. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
JOISTS
Joists are structural components that span the width of a building.
Finished joists, awaiting delivery to a construction site, are shown left.

16. Roof trusses, delivered to site and awaiting fixing.
STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Roof trusses, delivered to site and awaiting fixing.

17. A timber framed building under construction.
STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
A timber framed building under construction.

18. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
The foundation layout of a timber framed building is shown on the following slide, and construction methods of this type of foundation also follow.

19. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Concrete blinding
Polystyrene shuttering
Steel reinforcements (rebar)

20. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING

21. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING

22. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING

23. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING

24. Timber beams & joists form the superstructure
STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Timber beams & joists form the superstructure
In the above image, a steel frame connects the timber superstructure to the foundations. The red arrows indicate where columns are bolted to the foundations. A more detailed image is shown on the next slide.

25. Steel beams – fire protected by sprayed on intumescent paint
STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Joists – will be fire protected by plasterboard before the building is occupied
Steel beams – fire protected by sprayed on intumescent paint
Block work: forms part of the structure, and offers fire protection to steelwork

26. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Load carrying components are doubled in size and transmit building loads to the foundations: a close-up is shown on the following slide.

27. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Studs
Noggins

28. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Prefabricated components are marked with their locations. This speeds up construction time and reduces construction costs.

29. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Stud walls are fixed in position to form separate spaces. These will eventually be fire protected by plasterboard.

30. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Once stud walls are fixed, first fixing for plumbing and power can take place.

31. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
As prefabricated components arrive, rapid construction follows. The above image shows the view looking down a communal corridor of an apartment block, whilst under construction.

32. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
A vapour barrier, used to stop rain water entering the building, is fixed externally.

33. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Battens are fixed over the vapour barrier, and insulation is fitted between the battens. Cement render is applied to provide an external finish. Colour pigment can be included in the render (known as a through-colour render), or the render can be painted after curing.

34. Large items, such as roof trusses are lifted into place with a crane.
STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Large items, such as roof trusses are lifted into place with a crane.

35. Roof trusses awaiting fixing.
STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Roof trusses awaiting fixing.

36. Roof trusses fixed in place, ready for roofing contractors.
STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Roof trusses fixed in place, ready for roofing contractors.

37. STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Structural flooring and wall panels, stored on site and ready for fixing.