1. Research PowerPoint

2. Choose Your Topic Decide what you want to research Brainstorm!!!!
Complete Preliminary Worksheet
Create a Research Question

3. Research Primary – Original, unfiltered Secondary – Second hand
Autobiography
personal diary or letters
firsthand observer accounts of event
speech given by a person
research report by researchers
Secondary – Second hand
Biography
book about the person or event
literary criticism of the work
report on event years later
commentary on the speech
interpretation of the research

4. Typically What is Credible
Currency
When it was written – newer the better
Authority
Who wrote it – professional is better
Author’s purpose
How biased – inform purpose = less bias
- persuade = more bias
What evidence is given – facts, examples, stats
If it is factual/believable

5. Get Organize Group ideas into areas
Number/Letter the reasons in your thesis
Read and Highlight each article and label with number/letter

6. Plagarism Are all sources properly cited
FIRES Get Cited!!!!! Unless….
Common knowledge (information known by everyone or almost everyone) does not need to be cited

7. Plagiarism Continued…
There are consequences for plagiarism, which is stealing or improperly crediting sources.
If you don’t cite it, you are plagiarizing
If you don’t include a works cited page you are committing academic dishonesty/plagiarism
Not knowing how to is not a viable excuse
Come up with a system to ensure you are not plagiarizing
Note cards
Graphic organizer
Buying a paper, having your mom write it, and using an old paper are all forms of academic dishonesty

8. Synthesis Merging of ideas from all sources
Finding Evidence to back up (FIRES)
Quoting-copying directly from text
Choose wisely
Too many direct quotes takes away your voice
Paraphrasing
Put in your own words
Maintain your voice
Summarizing-a broad overview of source
Don’t lose your voice
Research is to support YOUR claim. This is your paper with your thoughts that’s backed up with evidence to support.
Evidence vs. Elaboration
Evidence is FIRES
Elaboration is an extension of your idea from your own head.
Both are needed and important in research

9. How To Cite in Outline and Paper
Through the use of signal phrases
According to Jones…
As Smith noted…
Jones concluded…
According to Stevens …
McHugh contrasted this idea…
Moreover, Smith added…
Elliot and Pruett argued…
At the end of the paraphrase/borrowed material include the author or the title and page number (Jones 12). Or (“How” 12).
If there is no page number don’t include one.

10. Keep Organizing - Outline
Why
Aids in the process of writing
Helps you organize your ideas
Presents your material in a logical form
How
Brainstorm: List all the ideas that you want to include in your paper.
Organize: Group related ideas together.
Order: Arrange material in a logical order. (Introduction with attention getter, background information, and thesis, body with topic sentence and supporting details, and conclusion with restated thesis and clincher)
Label: Create main and sub headings.
Publish: type in MLA format

11. Outline Format Roman Numerals = topic sentence of paragraph
I. A. B. C. II a. b. III.
Roman Numerals = topic sentence of paragraph
Capital Letters = assertion (idea/comment) that supports topic sentence
Number = evidence or support (quote, summary, paraphrase)
Lower letter = response to evidence (NOT IN 1st PERSON)

12. Level of Formality Who is your audience? What is your purpose? Teacher
Parent
Friend
Sibling
Judge
The American Public
What is your purpose?
Inform
Persuade
Entertain

13. Rough Draft
Remember –
Purpose (Why are you writing)
Subject (What are you writing about? )
Audience (Who are you writing to?)
Tone (How is your writing going to sound?)
Include new ideas that you may have skipped during prewriting.
Don’t worry about mistakes. Mistakes are supposed to happen at this stage.
At least get your ideas down. You can add, subtract, fix later.
Remember to embed evidence not just plop it in. USE YOUR SIGNAL PHRASES!!!!!

14. Rough Draft Format Paper Page #s in upper right corner
header with my last name and page number
heading in upper left corner
unique-centered title that is not underlined
all text is double spaced, 1 inch margins, 12-font Times New Roman…
Paper
Indenting
Spacing after punctuation

15. Tips for Self-Evaluation
Read Carefully: Read your paper more than once. Check for content (what you say) and organization (how your ideas are arranged).
2. Listen Carefully: Read your writing aloud and try to “hear” what you’ve written.
3. Take time: You may need to put the writing down for a while and then come back to it.

16. Revising Techniques
1. Adding new information: words, phrases, sentences, whole paragraphs.
2. Cut information: details, examples, words. Cut repetition, wordiness, and unnecessary details.
3. Replace weak words, cliches, awkward sounding sentences with more precise wording.
4. Reorder information: move details, paragraphs, or examples to an order that makes sense.

17. Revision Questions Content 1. Is it interesting?
2. Are there enough details?
3. Are there unrelated or off topic ideas?
4. Are unfamiliar terms explained?
Organization
5. Are ideas arranged in the best order?
6. Are the connections between ideas clear?
Style
7. Is the meaning clear?
8. Are there cliché’s or other tired phrases?
9. Does the writing fit the audience?

18. Proofreading Guidelines
1. Is every sentence a complete sentence? (no fragments or run-ons).
2. Does it have correct punctuation?
3. Are there capitalization errors?
4. Do the verbs (in number) agree with the subject?
5. Are verbs in the right tense?
6. Are pronoun references clear and do they agree?
7. Are commonly confused words (such as affect and effect) used correctly?
8. Are all words spelled correctly?