1. Cellular Respiration

2. Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
A catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O2) requiring process that uses energy extracted from macromolecules (glucose) to produce energy (ATP) and water (H2O).
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
glucose
ATP

3. Plants and Animals
In what kinds organisms does cellular respiration take place?
Plants - Autotrophs: self-producers.
Animals - Heterotrophs: consumers.

4. Mitochondria Organelle where cellular respiration takes place. Inner
membrane space
Matrix
Cristae
Outer
membrane
Inner
membrane

5. Breakdown of Cellular Respiration
Three Main Parts
1. Glycolysis (splitting of sugar)
a. cytosol, just outside of mitochondria.
2. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
a. mitochondrial matrix
3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and
Oxidative Phosphorylation
a. Also called Chemiosmosis
b. inner mitochondrial membrane.

6. 1. Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm just outside of mitochondria.
Occurs in two phases (10 steps)
Does not need oxygen in order to occur.
Total Net Yield
2 – 3 Carbon-Pyruvate (PYR)
2 - ATP (Substrate-level Phosphorylation)
2 - NADH

7. 2. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Location: mitochondrial matrix.
Total net yield (2 turns of krebs cycle):
ATP
NADH
FADH2
CO2
Mitochondrial
Matrix

8. 3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Location: inner mitochondrial membrane.
Uses ETC (energy from electrons) and ATP Synthase (enzyme) to make ATP.
Inner
Mitochondrial
Membrane

9. 4. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Oxidative Phosphorylation (Chemiosmosis)
All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration using their Hydrogens and the energy from their electrons.
Each NADH converts to 3 ATP.
Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP.

10. 4. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Oxidative Phosphorylation (Chemiosmosis)
Inner
membrane space
Matrix
Cristae
Outer
membrane
Inner
membrane

11. 4. ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation (Chemiosmosis for NADH)
ATP
Synthase
1H+
2H+
3H+
higher H+
concentration H+
ADP +
lower H+
(Proton Pumping) P E T C
NAD+
2H+ + 1/2O2
H2O
Intermembrane Space
Matrix
Inner
Mitochondrial
Membrane
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12. 4. ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation (Chemiosmosis for FADH2)
ATP
Synthase
1H+
2H+
higher H+
concentration H+
ADP +
lower H+
(Proton Pumping) P E T C
FAD+
2H+ +
1/2O2
H2O
Intermembrane Space
Matrix
Inner
Mitochondrial
Membrane
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13. copyright cmassengale
TOTAL ATP YIELD
ATP - substrate-level phosphorylation
ATP - ETC & oxidative phosphorylation
38 ATP - TOTAL YIELD
ATP
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14. Eukaryotes (Have Membranes)
Total ATP Yield
02 ATP - glycolysis (substrate-level phosphorylation)
04 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - glycolysis
06 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - grooming phase
02 ATP - Krebs cycle (substrate-level phosphorylation)
18 ATP - converted from 6 NADH - Krebs cycle
04 ATP - converted from 2 FADH2 - Krebs cycle
36 ATP - TOTAL
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15. Maximum ATP Yield for Cellular Respiration (Eukaryotes)
Glucose
Glycolysis
2ATP ATP 6ATP 18ATP ATP ATP
2 ATP
(substrate-level
phosphorylation)
2NADH
6NADH
Krebs
Cycle
2FADH2
2 Pyruvate
2 Acetyl CoA
ETC and Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Cytosol
Mitochondria
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36 ATP (maximum per glucose)

16. Prokaryotes (Lack Membranes)
Total ATP Yield
02 ATP - glycolysis (substrate-level phosphorylation)
06 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - glycolysis
06 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - grooming phase
02 ATP - Krebs cycle (substrate-level phosphorylation)
18 ATP - converted from 6 NADH - Krebs cycle
04 ATP - converted from 2 FADH2 - Krebs cycle
38 ATP - TOTAL
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17. Catabolism of Various Food Molecules
Other organic molecules used for fuel.
1. Carbohydrates: polysaccharides
2. Fats: glycerol’s and fatty acids
3. Proteins: amino acids
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