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Organizacija sistema zasnovana na
mikropocesoru 80x86
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Blok dijagram PC mašina zasnovanih na Intel-ovim procesorima
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Obim magistrale podataka kod 80x86
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Obim adresne magistrale kod 80x86
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Memorisanje bajta, reči i duple reči kod 80x86
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Organizacija memorije kod 16-bitnog procesora (8086, 80186, 80286, 80386sx)
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Organizacija memorije kod 32-bitnog procesora (80386, 80486, Pentium,
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Programski model mikroprocesora počev od 8086 do Pentium
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8086 register set
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8086 Flags Register
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80386 Registers (Application Programmer Visible)
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Način memorisanja podataka u registrima
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Registri FLAG i EFLAGS za familiju mikroprocesora 80x86 i Pentium
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Pogled na memorijski sistem
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Adresiranje memorije korišćenjem adrese segment plus ofset
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Konkretan primer rasporeda memorijskih segmenata bez preklapanja
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Konkretan primer rasporeda memorijskih segmenata sa preklapanjem
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16 segmenata koji se ne preklapaju kod 8086
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Segmented Addressing as a Two-Dimensional Process
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Segmented Addressing in Physical Memory in Real Mode
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Converting a Logical Address to a Physical Address in Real Mode
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Converting a Logical Address to a Physical Address in Protected Mode
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Sistemski takt
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Ciklus čitanja memorije kod 80486
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Ciklus upisa u memoriju kod 80486
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Dekodiranje i kašnjenje bafera
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Ubacivanje stanja čekanaj u Memory Read operaciju
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Unutrašnja struktura 8486 CPU-a
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Interna struktura procesora Pentium
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Hazardi kod 8486
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Unutrašnja struktura kod 8686
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Izlazni port kreiran pomoću jednog leča
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Ulazno/izlazni port zahteva dva leča
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Inputing Data Vector Number
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Inputing Data Vector Coded
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Program Developement
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Adresni načini rada kod 8086
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Addressing Modes on the x86
The x86 instructions use five different operand types: registers, constants, three memory addressing schemes. Each form is called an addressing mode. The x86 processors support: the register addressing mode, the immediate addressing mode, the indirect addressing mode, the indexed addressing mode, and the direct addressing mode.
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Adresni načini rada za pristup podacima kod x86
EBX= h; ESI= h; POLJE=1000h; DS=1000h
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Generisanje 32-bitne adrese
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Displacement Only (Direct) Addressing Mode
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Accessing a Word
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[BX] Addressing Mode
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[BP] Addressing Mode
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[BX+disp] Addressing Mode
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[BP+disp] Addressing Mode
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[BX+SI] Addressing Mode
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[BP+SI] Addressing Mode
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[BX + SI + disp] Addressing Mode
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[BP + SI + disp] Addressing Mode
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Table to Generate Valid 8086 Addressing Modes
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Mapping a 4 x 4 Array to Memory
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Row Major Element Ordering
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Another View of Row Major Ordering for a 4x4 Array
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Column Major Element Ordering
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Primer neposrednog adresiranja
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Primer direktnog adresiranja
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Primer registarsko-indirektnog adresiranja
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Primer baznog adresiranja
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Primer indeksnog adrsiranja
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Primer bazno-indeksnog adresiranja
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Primer bazno-indeksnog adresiranja sa razmeštajem
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Format instrukcija
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Format instrukcija od 8086 do Pentium
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Prvi bajt opkoda, pozicija polja MOD, REG i R/M
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Tipovi instrukcija kod 8086
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Podela instrukcija Prenos podataka Aritmetičke Logičke Pomeračke
Rotiranje Testiranje i analiza bita Manipulisanje markerima Kompariranje i postavljanje Grananje Poziv potprograma LOOP Manipulisanje nizovima
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Instrukcije za prenos podataka
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Sign-extend and Zero-extend Move Instructions
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Exchange Data-Transfer Instructions
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Translate Data-Transfer Instructions
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Load Effective Address and Full Pointer Data-Transfer Instructions
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Arithmetic Instructions
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Arithmetic and Logical Instructions
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Addition Arithmetic Instructions
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Subtraction Arithmetic Instructions
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Multiplication and Division Arithmetic Instructions
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Logic Instructions
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Shift Instructions
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Rotate Instructions
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Arithmetic Shift Right Operation
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Shift Right Operation
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Double Precision Shift Left Operation
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Double Precision Shift Right Operation
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Rotate Through Carry Left Operation
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Rotate Through Carry Right Operation
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Rotate Left Operation
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Rotate Right Operation
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Bit-Test and Bit-Scan Instructions
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Flag-Control Instructions
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Compare Instructions
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Byte Set on Condition Instruction
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Unconditional Jump Instruction
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Coditional Jump Instructions
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The control transfer instructions
These instructions include the following: Other instructions: The get and put instructions let you read and write integer values. The remaining instructions do not require any operands, they are halt and brk.
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Jcc Instructions That Test Flags
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Jcc Instructions for Unsigned Comparisons
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Jcc Instructions for Signed Comparisons
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IF..THEN and IF..THEN..ELSE Statement Flow
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Subroutine Call Instruction
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Return Instruction
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Structure of a Subroutine
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Push and Pop Instructions
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Push Flags and Pop Flags Instructions
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Push all and Pop all Instructions
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Enter and Leave Instructions
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Loop Instructions
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Basic String Instructions
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Prefixes for Use with Basic String Instructions
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Instructions for Selecting Autoincrementing and Autodecrementing in String Instructions
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Symbols for Specifying Register Operands
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Examples of Using Various Addressing Modes
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Arithmetic, Relational, and Logical Operators
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Value-Returning and Attribute Operators
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Pseudo-ops of the Macroassembler
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Data Pseudo-ops
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Segment Pseudo-ops
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Align Type Attributes PARA – paragraph alignment BYTE – byte alignment
WORD – word alignment PAGE – page alignment INPAGE – inpage alignment
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Combine Type Attributes
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Class Attributes
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Modular Programming Pseudo-ops
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Org and End Pseudo-op
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Listing Control Pseudo-op
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Definicija segmenata – izbor memorijskog modela
Uglavnom se koriste sledeći memorijski modeli: SMALL model - jedan od najčešće korišćenih modela, koji koristi 64kB memorija za program i 64kB za podatke MEDIUIM model - podaci moraju se smestiti u 64kB, a program može biti veći od 64kB. COMPACT model - suprotan je modelu MEDIUM, tj. program se mora smestiti u 64kB, a podaci u prostor veći od 64kB. LARGE model - kombinovanjem prethodna dva modela dobija se LARGE model, tj. i kôd i podatke mogu biti veći od 64kB. Jedinstvena struktura podataka kao što je polje (vektor, matrica,...) ne sme da premaši 64kB. HUGE model - program i podaci mogu da premaše 64kB a takodje i jedinstvena struktura podataka može biti veća od 64kB. TINY model - se koristi sa COM fajlovima kod kojih ukupna memorija program plus podaci ne sme da premaši 64kB. TINY model se ne može koristiti u sklopu pojednostavljene definicije segmenata.
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Potpuna u odnosu na pojednostavljenu definiciju segmenata
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