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Organizacija sistema zasnovana na

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Presentation on theme: "Organizacija sistema zasnovana na"— Presentation transcript:

1 Organizacija sistema zasnovana na
mikropocesoru 80x86

2 Blok dijagram PC mašina zasnovanih na Intel-ovim procesorima

3 Obim magistrale podataka kod 80x86

4 Obim adresne magistrale kod 80x86

5 Memorisanje bajta, reči i duple reči kod 80x86

6 Organizacija memorije kod 16-bitnog procesora (8086, 80186, 80286, 80386sx)

7 Organizacija memorije kod 32-bitnog procesora (80386, 80486, Pentium,

8 Programski model mikroprocesora počev od 8086 do Pentium

9 8086 register set

10 8086 Flags Register

11 80386 Registers (Application Programmer Visible)

12 Način memorisanja podataka u registrima

13 Registri FLAG i EFLAGS za familiju mikroprocesora 80x86 i Pentium

14 Pogled na memorijski sistem

15 Adresiranje memorije korišćenjem adrese segment plus ofset

16 Konkretan primer rasporeda memorijskih segmenata bez preklapanja

17 Konkretan primer rasporeda memorijskih segmenata sa preklapanjem

18 16 segmenata koji se ne preklapaju kod 8086

19 Segmented Addressing as a Two-Dimensional Process

20 Segmented Addressing in Physical Memory in Real Mode

21 Converting a Logical Address to a Physical Address in Real Mode

22 Converting a Logical Address to a Physical Address in Protected Mode

23 Sistemski takt

24 Ciklus čitanja memorije kod 80486

25 Ciklus upisa u memoriju kod 80486

26 Dekodiranje i kašnjenje bafera

27 Ubacivanje stanja čekanaj u Memory Read operaciju

28 Unutrašnja struktura 8486 CPU-a

29 Interna struktura procesora Pentium

30 Hazardi kod 8486

31 Unutrašnja struktura kod 8686

32 Izlazni port kreiran pomoću jednog leča

33 Ulazno/izlazni port zahteva dva leča

34 Inputing Data Vector Number

35 Inputing Data Vector Coded

36 Program Developement

37 Adresni načini rada kod 8086

38 Addressing Modes on the x86
The x86 instructions use five different operand types: registers, constants, three memory addressing schemes. Each form is called an addressing mode. The x86 processors support: the register addressing mode, the immediate addressing mode, the indirect addressing mode, the indexed addressing mode, and the direct addressing mode.

39 Adresni načini rada za pristup podacima kod x86
EBX= h; ESI= h; POLJE=1000h; DS=1000h

40 Generisanje 32-bitne adrese

41 Displacement Only (Direct) Addressing Mode

42 Accessing a Word

43 [BX] Addressing Mode

44 [BP] Addressing Mode

45 [BX+disp] Addressing Mode

46 [BP+disp] Addressing Mode

47 [BX+SI] Addressing Mode

48 [BP+SI] Addressing Mode

49 [BX + SI + disp] Addressing Mode

50 [BP + SI + disp] Addressing Mode

51 Table to Generate Valid 8086 Addressing Modes

52 Mapping a 4 x 4 Array to Memory

53 Row Major Element Ordering

54 Another View of Row Major Ordering for a 4x4 Array

55 Column Major Element Ordering

56 Primer neposrednog adresiranja

57 Primer direktnog adresiranja

58 Primer registarsko-indirektnog adresiranja

59 Primer baznog adresiranja

60 Primer indeksnog adrsiranja

61 Primer bazno-indeksnog adresiranja

62 Primer bazno-indeksnog adresiranja sa razmeštajem

63 Format instrukcija

64 Format instrukcija od 8086 do Pentium

65 Prvi bajt opkoda, pozicija polja MOD, REG i R/M

66 Tipovi instrukcija kod 8086

67 Podela instrukcija Prenos podataka Aritmetičke Logičke Pomeračke
Rotiranje Testiranje i analiza bita Manipulisanje markerima Kompariranje i postavljanje Grananje Poziv potprograma LOOP Manipulisanje nizovima

68 Instrukcije za prenos podataka

69 Sign-extend and Zero-extend Move Instructions

70 Exchange Data-Transfer Instructions

71 Translate Data-Transfer Instructions

72 Load Effective Address and Full Pointer Data-Transfer Instructions

73 Arithmetic Instructions

74 Arithmetic and Logical Instructions

75 Addition Arithmetic Instructions

76 Subtraction Arithmetic Instructions

77 Multiplication and Division Arithmetic Instructions

78 Logic Instructions

79 Shift Instructions

80 Rotate Instructions

81 Arithmetic Shift Right Operation

82 Shift Right Operation

83 Double Precision Shift Left Operation

84 Double Precision Shift Right Operation

85 Rotate Through Carry Left Operation

86 Rotate Through Carry Right Operation

87 Rotate Left Operation

88 Rotate Right Operation

89 Bit-Test and Bit-Scan Instructions

90 Flag-Control Instructions

91 Compare Instructions

92 Byte Set on Condition Instruction

93 Unconditional Jump Instruction

94 Coditional Jump Instructions

95 The control transfer instructions
These instructions include the following: Other instructions: The get and put instructions let you read and write integer values. The remaining instructions do not require any operands, they are halt and brk.

96 Jcc Instructions That Test Flags

97 Jcc Instructions for Unsigned Comparisons

98 Jcc Instructions for Signed Comparisons

99 IF..THEN and IF..THEN..ELSE Statement Flow

100 Subroutine Call Instruction

101 Return Instruction

102 Structure of a Subroutine

103 Push and Pop Instructions

104 Push Flags and Pop Flags Instructions

105 Push all and Pop all Instructions

106 Enter and Leave Instructions

107 Loop Instructions

108 Basic String Instructions

109 Prefixes for Use with Basic String Instructions

110 Instructions for Selecting Autoincrementing and Autodecrementing in String Instructions

111 Symbols for Specifying Register Operands

112 Examples of Using Various Addressing Modes

113 Arithmetic, Relational, and Logical Operators

114 Value-Returning and Attribute Operators

115 Pseudo-ops of the Macroassembler

116 Data Pseudo-ops

117 Segment Pseudo-ops

118 Align Type Attributes PARA – paragraph alignment BYTE – byte alignment
WORD – word alignment PAGE – page alignment INPAGE – inpage alignment

119 Combine Type Attributes

120 Class Attributes

121 Modular Programming Pseudo-ops

122 Org and End Pseudo-op

123 Listing Control Pseudo-op

124 Definicija segmenata – izbor memorijskog modela
Uglavnom se koriste sledeći memorijski modeli: SMALL model - jedan od najčešće korišćenih modela, koji koristi 64kB memorija za program i 64kB za podatke MEDIUIM model - podaci moraju se smestiti u 64kB, a program može biti veći od 64kB. COMPACT model - suprotan je modelu MEDIUM, tj. program se mora smestiti u 64kB, a podaci u prostor veći od 64kB. LARGE model - kombinovanjem prethodna dva modela dobija se LARGE model, tj. i kôd i podatke mogu biti veći od 64kB. Jedinstvena struktura podataka kao što je polje (vektor, matrica,...) ne sme da premaši 64kB. HUGE model - program i podaci mogu da premaše 64kB a takodje i jedinstvena struktura podataka može biti veća od 64kB. TINY model - se koristi sa COM fajlovima kod kojih ukupna memorija program plus podaci ne sme da premaši 64kB. TINY model se ne može koristiti u sklopu pojednostavljene definicije segmenata.

125 Potpuna u odnosu na pojednostavljenu definiciju segmenata


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