1. Topic 5- Change of States
Unit 3
Topic 5- Change of States
Shiny, beveled text with reflection
(Basic)
To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Gill Sans MT Condensed from the Font list, enter 95 in the Font Size box, and then click Bold.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click More Spacing.
In the Font dialog box, on the Character Spacing tab, in the Spacing list, select Expanded. In the By box, enter 16.
Select the space between two of the words in the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click Tight. Repeat the process for each space between words.
Select the text. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click the arrow next to Text Fill, click More Fill Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 238, Green: 86, Blue: 10.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles group, click the Format Text Effects dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, Click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then do the following in the right pane:
Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 6.5 pt, and in the Height box, enter 8 pt.
Under Contour, click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). In the Size box, enter 0.5 pt.
Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Metal (fourth option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral click Three Point (first row, first option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 30°.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Reflection, and then under Reflection Variations click Tight Reflection, touching (first row, first option from the left).
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the right pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Linear.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until three stops appear in the slider.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 78%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 92%.
Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 49, Green: 18, Blue: 17.
Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Red, Accent 2, Darker 50% (sixth row, sixth option from the left).

2. Heat Capacity v Specific Heat Capacity

3. Heat Capacity v Specific Heat Capacity
So how fast does an object heat up?
Heat Capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
Definition
- amount of thermal energy that warms or cools the object by 1 degree Celsius
- amount of thermal energy that warms or cools one gram of a material by one degree Celsius
Describes
- a particular object
- material the object is made of
Depends On
- mass of the object and material the object is made of

4. Changing of States What does “changing of states” mean?
When something goes from either solid/liquid/gas to another form solid/liquid/gas
Water is a great example…
It can melt (solid ice can melt to liquid water)
It can freeze (liquid water to solid ice)
It can become a gas (from liquid water to water vapour - gas - when it is boiled)

5. Changing of States What does “changing of states” mean?
There is a change of state where it breaks the natural progression … hops from solid directly to gas
This is known as sublimation
What does “changing of states” mean?
When something goes from either solid/liquid/gas to another form solid/liquid/gas
Water is a great example…
It can melt (solid ice can melt to liquid water)
It can freeze (liquid water to solid ice)
It can become a gas (from liquid water to water vapour - gas - when it is boiled)

6. Change of State Any pure substance can exist in all 3 states
Often easier said than done but it is doable
Time for a review!
Find a partner
Write “Thermal Energy” & “Temperature” & “Energy” on a piece of paper and …
… explain to me the difference between them!

7. Thermal vs. Temperature Review
Simply put, heat is the flow of thermal energy. 
Temperature represents average thermal energy. Heat goes from objects with high temperature to low temperature, not high thermal energy to low thermal energy. (Like diffusion)
For example, a massive glacier will have more total thermal energy than a small hot nail (simply because it has more molecules); however, its temperature is lower because it has less average thermal energy. Therefore, energy will be transferred from the nail to the glacier... 
Thermal energy is the total internal energy of the system. i.e. how fast the molecules are vibrating

8. WHAT?! Evaporation When you sweat you tend to cool off … why?
Enter Particle Model
Imagine a liquid (we will use water) in a jar …
Top = moving fast (enough to escape)
Middle/Lower = slower moving particle stay in liquid state
WHAT?!
That means what is left is cooler …
Slower moving = lower temperature

9. This is known as… Evaporative Cooling Evaporation
When you sweat you tend to cool off … why?
Enter Particle Model
Imagine a liquid (we will use water) in a jar …
Top = moving fast (enough to escape)
Middle/Lower = slower moving particle stay in liquid state
This is known as…
Evaporative Cooling
That means what is left is cooler …
Slower moving = lower temperature

10. Examples of Evaporative Cooling
Joggers feel cold as their clothes dry out after a rain storm
Home owners spray water on the roof to cool house in hot some day
First aid worker puts a cool cloth on your head

11. Examples of Evaporative Cooling
During a change of state (phase) the total energy of a substance …
Increases or decreases
Why?
They don’t change speed they change state

12. Topic 6- Transferring Energy
Unit 3
Topic 6- Transferring Energy
Shiny, beveled text with reflection
(Basic)
To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Gill Sans MT Condensed from the Font list, enter 95 in the Font Size box, and then click Bold.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click More Spacing.
In the Font dialog box, on the Character Spacing tab, in the Spacing list, select Expanded. In the By box, enter 16.
Select the space between two of the words in the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click Tight. Repeat the process for each space between words.
Select the text. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click the arrow next to Text Fill, click More Fill Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 238, Green: 86, Blue: 10.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles group, click the Format Text Effects dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, Click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then do the following in the right pane:
Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 6.5 pt, and in the Height box, enter 8 pt.
Under Contour, click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). In the Size box, enter 0.5 pt.
Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Metal (fourth option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral click Three Point (first row, first option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 30°.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Reflection, and then under Reflection Variations click Tight Reflection, touching (first row, first option from the left).
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the right pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Linear.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until three stops appear in the slider.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 78%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 92%.
Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 49, Green: 18, Blue: 17.
Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Red, Accent 2, Darker 50% (sixth row, sixth option from the left).

13. Transferring Energy
You hold your hand beside a light bulb … your hand warms up – why?
The light bulb is an energy source
An object or material that can transfer its energy to other objects

14. Transferring Energy - Radiation
The sun shines billions of kms away but we feel it
Energy is transferred even though no material has travelled from the sun to us, solar cells, etc…
What is this transfer called?
Radiation
Transfer of energy without any movement of matter
Energy transferred this way is called Radiant Energy or Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR)

15. Transferring Energy - Radiation
EMRs can travel through all kinds of material and they have some unique characteristics …
Behave like a wave
Absorbed & Reflected by objects
Travel really fast (300,000 km/s)
Colours play a role in absorption / reflection of heat radiation (heat waves)
Dark colour absorb
White colours reflect

16. Transferring Energy - Conduction
Conduction is the transfer of energy when particles collide
Simply put … direct contact
To do this we need two different types of materials
Conductors … most metals as they carry a current or heat well throughout their entire material
Insulator … these are poor conductors such as wood or glass so they are good at trapping heat/cold and preventing it from escaping

17. Transferring Energy - Convection
Convection is the movement of particles (typically in fluids) carrying its thermal energy with it as it moves
Can create a current … how?
Heat rises, cools off, drops back down, heats back up and rises again, repeat …
Warmer solutions/particles are less dense
Cooler solutions/particles are more dense
Dense = amount of matter/particles in a solution

18. Transferring Energy - Convection

19. Transferring Energy - Convection

20. Transferring Energy - Convection

21. Transferring Energy - Convection

22. Transferring Energy Systems

23. Transferring Energy Systems

24. Transferring Energy - System
Energy Source – The part of the system that supplies the energy to the system
Direction of Energy Transfer – Always transferred away from the concentrated source
Energy Transformation – Not created or destroyed but transferred from place to place

25. Transferring Energy - System
Waste Energy – Little amount of thermal energy lost to surroundings not involved directly in the transfer
Control System – What controls the energy transfer

26. Topic 7- Thermal Energy Sources
Unit 3
Topic 7- Thermal Energy Sources
Shiny, beveled text with reflection
(Basic)
To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Gill Sans MT Condensed from the Font list, enter 95 in the Font Size box, and then click Bold.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.
On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click More Spacing.
In the Font dialog box, on the Character Spacing tab, in the Spacing list, select Expanded. In the By box, enter 16.
Select the space between two of the words in the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click Character Spacing, and then click Tight. Repeat the process for each space between words.
Select the text. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click the arrow next to Text Fill, click More Fill Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 238, Green: 86, Blue: 10.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles group, click the Format Text Effects dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, Click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then do the following in the right pane:
Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 6.5 pt, and in the Height box, enter 8 pt.
Under Contour, click the button next to Color, and then click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left). In the Size box, enter 0.5 pt.
Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard click Metal (fourth option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral click Three Point (first row, first option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 30°.
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Reflection, and then under Reflection Variations click Tight Reflection, touching (first row, first option from the left).
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the right pane, and then do the following:
In the Type list, select Linear.
Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).
Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until three stops appear in the slider.
Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:
Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 78%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).
Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 92%.
Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 49, Green: 18, Blue: 17.
Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following:
In the Position box, enter 100%.
Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Red, Accent 2, Darker 50% (sixth row, sixth option from the left).

27. Thermal Energy Think back … what is thermal energy?
Correct
Energy generated by the movement or vibration of particles
That being said there must be a whole bunch of different sources!
Oh yes … yes there are!

28. Transferring Energy - System