1. Federalism: Case Studies

2. Perspectives Political scientist Daniel J. Elazar argues that the
“virtue of the federal system lies in its ability to develop and maintain mechanisms vital to the perpetuation of the unique combination of governmental strength, political stability, and individual liberty, which has been the central concern of American politics.”
Laboratories of democracy

3. Perspectives Political scientist William H. Riker argues that:
“the main effect of federalism since the Civil War has been to perpetuate racism.”
Institutionalized racism / white supremacy

4. Women’s Suffrage
Longest continuously running civil rights movement in American history
1848: Seneca Falls Conference
Activists coming out of Abolitionist movement; Votes for women
Carrie Chapman Catt and the NAWSA (National American Women Suffrage Association)
Moderate, middle age (MLK)

5. Alice Paul and National Woman’s Party
Radical (protest in front of White House during WWI), young (Malcolm X)

20. Lee Atwater (strategist for Reagan + Bush I; mentor to Karl Rove) Southern Strategy
“Atwater: You start out in 1954 by saying, 'Nigger, nigger, nigger.' By 1968 you can't say 'nigger' - that hurts you. Backfires. So you say stuff like forced busing, states' rights and all that stuff. You're getting so abstract now [that] you're talking about cutting taxes, and all these things you're talking about are totally economic things and a byproduct of them is [that] blacks get hurt worse than whites. And subconsciously maybe that is part of it. I'm not saying that. But I'm saying that if it is getting that abstract, and that coded, that we are doing away with the racial problem one way or the other. You follow me - because obviously sitting around saying, 'We want to cut this,' is much more abstract than even the busing thing, and a hell of a lot more abstract than 'Nigger, nigger.' “

21. Source: Kevin Phillips, Nixon strategist and author of The Emerging Republican Majority (1969), in an interview published in The New York Times, May 17, 1970.
From now on, the Republicans are never going to get more than 10 to 20 percent of the Negro vote and they don’t need any more than that but Republicans would be shortsighted if they weakened enforcement of the Voting Rights Act. The more Negroes who register as Democrats in the South, the sooner the Negrophobe whites will quit the Democrats and become Republicans. That’s where the votes are. Without that prodding from the blacks, the whites will backslide into their old comfortable arrangement with the local Democrats.