1. Video Clip

2. And the little bit we know about it
Human Brain
And the little bit we know about it

3. Protecting your Brain Your brain has two layers of protection . . .
Skull – the large bone that protects your brain and most of your sensory organs (eyes, ears, tongue, nose)
Meninges – this is the tough thick membrane that surrounds the brain filled with cerebro-spinal fluid, which cushions the brain (sometimes referred to as the dura matter)
Meningitis is a disease in which the meninges becomes inflamed and swollen putting pressure on the brain

4. Parts There are many different ways to separate the brain into parts.
Sometimes they are separated by the parts we can distinguish
Sometimes we separate them by what parts of the body that part of the brain controls
Cerebrum
Limbic System

5. Cerebrum This is the largest part of the brain consisting of the
Frontal Lobe – controls our
personality
Parietal Lobe - receives and interprets the senses of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain
Occipital Lobe - visual processing center of the brain
Temporal Lobe - auditory center
The cerebrum is convoluted (it is really bumpy)
The wrinkles in the brain are called sulci
The bumps on the brain are called gyri

6. Limbic System The limbic system consists of many parts:
Thalamus – controls
sleep and wake cycles
as well as receiving
sensory information
and relaying it to the correct part of the brain
Hypothalamus – Regulates homeostasis by keeping track of hunger, thirst, response to stimuli, pulse, breathing, etc . . .
Amygdala – controls fear, aggression, and sexual response
Hippocampus – converts short term memory to long term memory

7. Corpus Callosum This is located directly above the limbic system
This is the part of the brain that bridges the right and left hemispheres
It acts to coordinate information between the two sides of the brain

8. Pons The pons takes sensory input and transmits it to the cerebellum.
It is the a way for the cerebrum and the cerebellum to communicate with one another

9. Medulla
Controls autonomic (think automatic functions, stuff that happens without your thinking about it) functions
Respiration
Blood pressure
Swallowing
Reflexes
Relay center between the brain and the spinal cord
This is the part of the brain they suppress when we go under anesthsia

10. Cerebellum Spinal Cord
The cerebellum controls motor coordination, balance, equilibrium, and muscle tone.
Spinal Cord
The spinal cord controls reflex arcs and is where all other nerves in the body below the head stem from.
This is why severing the spinal cord (breaking your neck or back) can cause death or paralysis, because then the nerves in the rest of your body cannot communicate with your brain

11. Reflex Arc A stimulus causes and initial signal.
The signal travels down
the sensory nerve to the spinal cord.
The spinal cord
determines appropriate
response and sends a signal down a motor nerve.
The motor nerve is connected to a muscle.
When the signal reaches the terminal end of the nerve the nerve stimulates the muscle to contract.

12. Fun stuff to try Left Hemisphere Right Hemisphere Language
Are you Right or Left Dominant?
Left Hemisphere
Right Hemisphere
Language
Spatial abilities
Math
Face recognition
Logic
Visual imagery
Music

13. Schwann Cell
Dendrite
Cell Body
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Terminal Button
Neuro-transmitter
Neuron
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Spinal Cord
Reflex
Habit
Spinal Column
Reflex Arc
Medulla
Synapse
Sensory Nerves
Motor Nerves
Interneurons
Action Potential
Meninges
Skull
Resting Potential
Node
Threshold
Response
Nerve