1. the period from 1350 to 1550 in Europe, means “rebirth” rebirth of interest in art and learning
Renaissance

2. more interest in this world than in religion and getting into heaven
secular

3. Italy’s city-states grew wealthy through _____.
trade

4. the most famous city of the Renaissance
Florence

5. rich banking family from Florence, effectively ruled Florence
Medici

6. famous for its “streets” – canals and waterways
Venice

7. long narrow boats used for transportation in Venice
gondolas

8. the diplomat who wrote The Prince in 1513 (claimed people were greedy and self-centered)
Niccolò Machiavelli

9. the belief that the individual and human society are important
humanism

10. famous scholar of ancient Roman writers
Petrarch

11. the everyday language that people speak in an area
vernacular

12. The Divine Comedy (story of the main character’s trip from heaven to hell)
Dante Alighieri

13. developed a printing press with movable metal type
Johannes Gutenburg

14. (Italian) one of the best scientists and artists of the Renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci

15. artistic technique using light and shadows to soften edges
chiaroscuro

16. three most famous painters of the Renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo Buonarroti
Raphael Sanzio

17. English playwright who wrote comedies and tragedies
William Shakespeare

18. movement to reform the Catholic Church; led to the creation of Protestantism
Reformation

19. a pardon from the Church for a person’s sins
indulgences

20. young monk who challenged the Roman Catholic Church
Martin Luther

21. organized branch of Christianity
denomination

22. first Protestant denomination
Lutheranism

23. faith in Jesus, not good works, brings salvation Bible is final source for truth about God the church consists of all members (no pastoral mediation)
Tenets of Lutheranism

24. _____ brutally crushed peasant revolts of the 1520s.
Nobles

25. One reason Protestantism survived
because some of Europe’s kings supported it

26. founder of Calvinism
John Calvin

27. belief that the outcome of people’s lives are already determined by God
predestination

28. Catholic attempt to convince people to return to the Catholic Church
Counter-Reformation

29. a special school for training and educating priests
seminary

30. French Protestants led by Henry of Navarre, head of the Bourbon family (Henry IV)
Huguenots

31. considered worst religious war of the Reformation era
Thirty Years’ War

32. married six queens, imprisoned and beheaded people, founded the Church of England (Anglican Church).
Henry VIII

33. tried to return England to Catholicism – failed
Mary I

34. Protestant queen who became one of the greatest rulers in English history
Elizabeth I