1. SOIL SCIENCE FACULTY
Seasonal dynamics of soil CO2 efflux and soil profile CO2 concentrations in arboretum of Moscow botanical garden
Goncharova Olga Matyshak G. and Udovenko M.
Department of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia

2. Global Distribution of Botanic Gardens
The main goal:
Evaluate the contribution of soil properties, vegetation, moisture and temperature conditions to the spatial and temporal variability of the carbon dioxide production in urban ecosystems.

3. Moscow region Rainfall (cm)
Min/Max (°C)
Rainfall (cm)
The mean annual temperature is 5°C, total annual precipitation averages mm.

4. Botanical Garden of the Lomonosov Moscow State University
2004
Red Square
Botanic Garden
1958
1962

5. Sites descriptions Arboretum Cárpinus bétulus Pínus sylvéstris
Pícea obováta

6. Soil morphology Site Depth, cm Color Texture Structure
Artifacts, rock fragments
Carbonate test
Spruce
0-0.5
litter
0.5-8
7,5YR2,5/2
sandy loam
very fine – fine subangular blocky
­­–
8-20
7,5YR4/4
fine subangular blocky
single fine gravel
20-38
7,5YR5/3, 6/3
silty loam
fine angular blocky
small pieces of brick and coal
38-60
7,5YR 4/4
loam
coarse angular blocky
//-//, fine gravel
Pine
0.5-15
7,5YR3/2
small pieces of brick and coal, fine gravel
15-45
7,5YR3/2 (8/1)
Brick, coal, rubber, metal, glass, carbonate (>10%)
Slightly
45-65
Brick, coal, rubber, metal, glass, carbonate (<10%)
65-80
7,5YR4/3
medium-coarse angular blocky –
Hornbeam
0.5-18
7,5YR2,5/2 (8/1)
medium subangular blocky
Carbonate, brick
 Slightly
18-34
7,5YR3/2, 3/4
single сarbonate, brick
34-60
7,5YR4/6
very coarse platy

7. Soil chemistry Site Water-soluble organic carbon, mg kg-1
Water-soluble organic carbon, mg kg-1
Basal respiration, С_CO2µg g-1 h-1
Microbial C, mg kg-1
in upper 10 cm layer
hornbeam 49
1,3
1195
spruce 56
0,2
831
pine _
1,1

8. Methods
Gas analyzer RMT DX6210
Monitoring of the carbon dioxide efflux from the soil surface (close non-steady-state non-through-flow chamber method) (Smagin, 2005; Reth et al., 2005; Bekele et al., 2007)
Regime monitoring of the temperature of air and soil (Thermochron iButton), soil volumetric moisture (ТDR-100 Spectrum)
Soil CO2 profiles were measured on the same days as soil respiration measurements with subsurface soil air equilibration tubes (Bekele, Kellman et al., 2007; Pacific, McGlynn et al.,
2008).

9. Soil temperature regime
Air temperature
The annual temperature profile of the soil in spruce plantation (November 2013-October 2014) cm

10. Seasonal variation of soil carbon fluxes
Spruce Pine Hornbeam

11. Environmental regulations on carbon fluxes
Moisture (%, v/v)

12. CO2 concentration in soil aircm

13. Conclusions
General trends in the annual CO2 production by artificial soils of urban forests are similar to those of natural soils and managed by the same factors.
Because the value of CO2 efflux is associated with temperature conditions, the city “heat island” effect can contribute to increased CO2 fluxes.
In climatic conditions typical for investigations region, soil moisture in summer period plays a key role in the processes of organic matter mineralization.
The value of CO2 efflux by urban soils greatly depends on their construction, organic substrate composition and moisture.
A value and fluctuations of the winter-spring CO2 production is associated mostly with physical processes, such as soil freezing-thawing.

14. Thanks for attention
This work was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
grant №