1. Monday, 27 September Finish Ch 11 Endocrine System and Begin Ch 6 Nervous System
Stress & cortisol
Menopause and estrogens
Acromegaly and growth hormone
Lab this week: Endocrine Cases
Nervous System
Divisions of the Nervous System
Working vocabulary
Neurons and Glia
Ionic basis of Resting Membrane Potential

2. 1QQ # 9 for 8:30 class 1QQ # 9 for 9:30 class
Why is radioactive iodine often the preferred treatment of persons with Grave’s Disease?
Speculate what would happen to the thyroid gland of a person with endemic goiter who was given radioactive iodine?
1QQ # 9 for 9:30 class
Explain why TRH and TSH levels are low in the plasma of persons with Grave’s Disease?
Speculate what would happen to the thyroid gland of a person with endemic goiter who was given radioactive iodine?

3. STRESS CRH from Hypothalamus ACTH from Ant. Pit
Physical trauma Prolonged exposure to cold Prolonged intense exercise Infection Sleep deprivation Pain Fright Emotional distress
Vasopressin
Cytokines from immune cells
CRH from Hypothalamus
Basal levels of Cortisol required for normal sensitivity to EPI; symptoms of excess cortisol are…..
ACTH from Ant. Pit
Clinical example: treatment of chronic inflammation (e.g. arthritis) can lead to Cushing’s Syndrome!
⇧Cortisol secretion from Adrenal Cortex
Mobilize fuel from muscle & adipose tissue Suppress non-essential functions (reproduction & growth) Suppress inflammatory & immune responses Potentiates response to EPI (vascular smooth muscle)
Cushing’s Syndrome
Excess Cortisol from
1) adrenal cortex tumor (primary) or 2) hypersecretion of ACTH from anterior pituitary (secondary)

4. Applied Physiology: Menopause Widmaier text p. 694
Onset ~ age 50
Irregular menstrual cycles
Breasts and genital organs gradually atrophy
Decrease in bone mass & strength (osteoporosis) (bone resorption greater than bone deposition)
Hot flashes…sweating, etiology unknown
Increased incidence of coronary artery disease

5. Menopause, continued. Caused by ovarian failure….loss of estrogen
Estrogen has protective function for cardiovascular system and sustains bone
Diagnosis
Test estrogen levels
Test FSH levels….interpretation if high?
Treatment
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Risk of HRT: increased incidence of breast cancer & uterine endometrial cancer
Advantages: alleviates symptoms, restores cardiovascular protection, sustains bone density

6. Age 16, 33, 52
S 4
No Relation!

7. Compare to Pituitary Gigantism
Acromegaly
S 5
Excessive growth of bones and soft tissues of face and hands, and feet.
Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone from adenohypophysis or ectopic tumor in adults
Treatment?
Transphenoidal resection/ablation with focal radiation
Somatostatin analogs
GH receptor blockers
GHRH SS GH
Compare to Pituitary Gigantism

8. Neurons? Endocrine cells? Neuroendocrine cells?
11.11.jpg
Neurons and endocrine cells are very involved in homeostasis. To Chapter 6!