1. Reapportionment & Redistricting

2. Constitution Senators Members of House of Representatives 6 years
Selected by state legislatures
17th Amendment, 1913: Direct election
Members of House of Representatives
2 years
Directly elected by people

3. Reapportionment
When the federal government reallocates seats among the states after the decennial census

4. Gains and losses due to 2000 reapportionment
CA (+1)
AZ (+2)
CO (+1)
FL (+2)
GA (+2)
NV (+1)
TX (+2)
Losses
CT (-1)
NY (-2)
IL (-1)
IN (-1)
MI (-1)
OH (-1)
OK (-1)
PA (-2)
WI (-1)

5. Redistricting
When states redraw congressional district boundaries after decennial census
Wesberry v. Sanders (1964)
Each district must have equal population

6. What criteria should states use in deciding where to draw district lines?

7. Simulation Each district must have three people.
Men and women care about different political outcomes. Men will vote for men. Women will vote for women. How many women will be elected in the current plan?
Try to maximize the number of women elected.
In addition, flip flop wearers will only vote for flip flop wearers, and vice versa. How many flip flop wearers will be elected in the current plan.
Flip-flop wearers have been the subject of discrimination. Try to get them as much representation as possible.

8. Conflicting Values Contiguity of boundaries (requirement)
Equal population (requirement)
Compactness
Keeping together communities of interest
Protecting interests of racial minorities
Partisan gerrymandering
Incumbent protection
Maximizing competition