1. MUTATIONS

2. Gene Mutation: Methemoglobinemia
Blue skin results from a mutated enzyme
Body cannot recycle red blood cells

3. Gene Mutation: The Ultra-female Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Genetically male (XY)
Testosterone receptor proteins cannot detect the presence of testosterone
Because testosterone, not a Y chromosome determines gender…
Biologically female

4. Chromosomal Mutations: Klinefelter’s Syndrome
XXY males
Tend to be taller than normal
Low testosterone levels

5. Chromosomal Mutations: Turner’s Syndrome
XO female, only 45 chromosomes
Never go through puberty
Short stature
Square-ended fingers and toes
Limited sense of geographic direction