1. Avian Influenza from a perspective of OIE
APEC CAPACITY BUILDING SEMINAR
ON AVIAN INFLUENZA:
Preventing AI at its Source and a Dialogue on Indemnity
Hoi An, Vietnam
12-13 September 2006
T. Fujita
OIE Regional Representative for Asia and the Pacific
Tokyo, Japan

2. Ｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓ OIE at a glance HPAI disease profile HPAI occurrences
Control measures of HPAI at Source
OIE priority concepts for HPAI prevention and control
OIE programmes of HPAI prevention and control
Conclusions

3. The OIE World Organisation for Animal Health
an intergovernmental organisation
founded in 1924
by 28 countries
predates the UN
167 Member Countries
headquarters in Paris
5 Regional Representatives (Tokyo, Japan for Asia and the Pacific)

4. Functions of OIE
Intergovernmental Organization for Animal Health improvement worldwide
Provide Scientific Information, International Standards of the prevention and control of animal diseases, including zoonosis, such as HPAI (HPAI Chapter in the OIE Code)
Provide expertise for capacity building of National Veterinary Services
Safeguard international trade in animals and animal products (International Standard Setting Organization – by WTO)
Encourage the strengthening of legislation and resources
Promotion of Animal Production Food Safety and Animal Welfare, by ensuring animal health and adopting international rules

5. OIE International Standards
International Standards on disease prevention and control, diagnosis and surveillance for assessment of animal health status
-for good governance on animal health and
worldwide reference
- Keep quality of and supports to the development of
National Veterinary Services and to the legal
framework, policies and strategies of animal health
*OIE Code (including AI Chapter; Safe international
trade and development of disease control)
*OIE Manual (internationally agreed diagnostic tests and
vaccines)
*Recommendations

6. OIE’s international standards

7. OIE Early Warning System
(1)
from 1 January immediate notification and follow-up reports
to report
Diseases
Obligations of Member Countries
based on
Infections
Other epidemiological events

8. OIE Early Warning System
(2)
MCs shall send to the OIE Central Bureau within 24 hours, information on any of the following events:
first occurrence of a listed disease and/or infection in a country or zone/compartment
re-occurrence of a listed disease and/or infection in a country or zone/compartment, following a report declaring the outbreak ended
first occurrence of a new strain of a pathogen in a country or zone/compartment (to be cont’d)

9. OIE Early Warning System
(3)
a sudden and unexpected increase in the distribution, incidence, morbidity or mortality of a disease prevalent within a country or zone/compartment
an emerging disease with significant morbidity or mortality, or zoonotic potential
evidence of change in the epidemiology of a listed disease (including host range, pathogenicity, strain) in particular if there is a zoonotic impact

10. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI)
HPAI disease profile
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI)
Firstly reported in some countries in S.E. Asia and East Asia in 2003
Continuously occurred in Asia
Negative impacts and threats to human and animal health
HPAI likely established its foothold in Asia, and the viruses persistent and circulating in the environment in some countries in the region
Spread widely, not only in Asia but also in other regions; including the Middle East, Europe and Africa
HPAI: now, the worldwide concern, due to the wide spread and occurrences in various countries in the world, giving serious socio-economic consequences

11. HPAI Official Reports to OIE by country
Limited H5N1 since 2003 (29 August 2006)
Afghanistan, Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, China (People’s Rep. of), Cote d’ivoire, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong (SARPRC), Hungary, Kazakhstan, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea (Rep. of), Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, Palestinian Auton. Territories, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Vietnam
Total 56 countries/territories including Asia
Obtainable from OIE-Info Distribution List

12. OIE-Info Distribution List
OIE established an electronic mailing list
2. To improve the efficiency and rapidity of the exchange of animal information, especially for early warning purposes
3. Used to disseminate animal disease emergency messages received from Member Countries
4. Open to any institution or person interested in receiving information on animal health from the OIE

13. OUTBREAKS OF H5N1 IN ANIMALS
~December 2005
~December 2005
(only wild birds)
Continuing from 2003
Continuing from 2003
(only wild birds)
2006 January~
2006 January~
(only wild birds)

14. OUTBREAKS
~December 2005
(Subtype H5)

15. OUTBREAKS
January 2006~
Continuing
(Subtype H5)

16. Human Cases of Avian Influenza A/(H5N1); WHO
Country
Total
Cases
Deaths
Azerbaijan 8 5
Cambodia 6
China 21 14
Djibouti 1
Egypt
Indonesia 60 46
Iraq 2
Thailand 24 16
Turkey 12 4
Viet Nam 93 42
241
141
23 August 2006: WHO reports only laboratory-confirmed cases.

17. Control of HPAI at source
Controlling and reducing the disease occurrence
at source - Crucial for
(1)Eradication of the disease,
(2)Preventing the further spread to other
countries/regions, and the introduction/re-introduction
of HPAI
(3)Reducing risks to humans and animals
(4)Reducing risks to industry (production) and
impediments of domestic marketing and of
international trade
(5) Reducing social fears and speculations

18. Reduce the threat to the minimumby
Rapid reduction of the viral load and its circulation in poultry (at source)
Through the effective mechanisms of early detection (reliable diagnosis) and transparent and timely notification of HPAI
Effective surveillance in domestic poultry and wild birds
4. Rapid responses to contain the disease
5. Humane slaughter of sick and in-contact birds
6. Resort to the utilization of vaccines (produced in compliance with the International Standards=OIE Manual), in at-high-risk countries

19. Capacity building of National Veterinary Services
Consolidate effective legal framework including notification of suspected cases of disease
Apply more quick and reliable diagnosis and disease surveillance, and rapid response for control
Contain the disease as soon as possible

20. Public awareness Further development needed
Provide scientific information about the disease (to control the disease more effectively, and to reduce their fears and speculation)

21. Control measures of HPAI
(1)
Control of HPAI has recently become a more complex issue. – unprecedented and almost worldwide spread
Increased serious human and animal health implications
Need to develop control measures complementary to a STAMPING OUT policy
Early detection of the disease followed by a rapid response

22. Control measures of HPAI
(2)
5. High level of awareness among veterinarians and producers
6. High quality of Veterinary Services in compliance with OIE International Standards of quality of Vet.Services
7. Compensation as a strong point of discussions to control the disease – encouraging reporting and notification of the disease by bird owners
8. Control strategies based on combination of Stamping-out, movement restrictions, improved hygiene and biosecurity, reliable diagnosis and surveillance and emergency vaccination at high risk countries

23. Vaccination
Vaccination as an additional measure aimed primarily at a reduction of viral replication and viral shedding.
A good vaccination programme may raise the levels of protective flock immunity and increase resistance to infection, minimizing the negative impacts on poultry production and decreasing potential economic losses.
Vaccine production in compliance with the OIE International Standard (OIE Manual)
Post vaccination monitoring
Decision of use of vaccination strategies by National governments in line with the epidemiological situation and dialogue with stakeholders

24. Important mechanism of facilitating the control of HPAI at source
Strengthening of National Veterinary Services for early detection of and a rapid response to the HPAI
Regional and International alliance to tackle HPAI in an efficient manner
- transboundary nature of the disease
- difficulties for combating the disease by a single
country
Needs to have close collaboration with partners and stakeholders

25. OIE priority concepts for HPAI prevention and control (1)
Veterinary Services: International public good concept
Setting up of International Standards for good Governance and Quality of Veterinary Services (including legislations)
Relevant infrastructures and resources of Veterinary Services for strict implementation of legislation
Early detection and Rapid Response (including transparent and timely Notification)
Reliability of rapid diagnostic confirmation of suspects, and Surveillance (OIE Standards on laboratory procedures)

26. OIE priority concepts for HPAI prevention and control (2)
Stamping out under OIE animal welfare standards and pathogen confinement
Safety of movements of animals and animal products
(and Zoning and Compartmentalization)
When and how to use vaccines (Vaccine Quality: OIE Manual for vaccine manufacturing)
Bio-security measures
Evaluation of Veterinary Services
Sustainability of resources invested

27. OIE collaboration programmes (1)
OIE Reference Laboratories
*157 World Ref. Labs; in 30 countries cover 80
diseases and topics
*Centres of expertise and standardisation to other
laboratories and to OIE
*Avian Influenza Labs. 6 for Avian Influenza Labs.
worldwide; 2 in Asia and Pacific (Australia and Japan)

28. OIE collaboration programmes (2)
OIE Collaborating Centres
15 Collaborating Centres in 7 countries
centres of expertise to OIE and Member Countries on generic issues
help develop procedures to harmonise international animal disease regulations
coordinate collaborative studies
provide training
organise scientific meetings for the OIE

29. OIE collaboration programmes (3)
OIE/FAO OFFLU network (synergies on research and scientific information) and WHO Laboratories interface, OIE/FAO/WHO GLEWS
OIE Collaboration with other International, Regional Organizations including FAO, WHO, WTO, World Bank, ASEAN, SAARC, SPC, etc.
International and Regional Meetings on AI (such as OIE/FAO/WHO meetings, the Geneva Meeting and the Beijing Pledge meeting)

30. OFFUL? OFFUL: OIE/FAO Network on Avian Influenza, 2005 Objectives;
- offer veterinary expertise to assist in the control of AI
- develop Research on AI
- collaborate with the WHO Influenza Network on
issues relating to the animal-human interface

31. Activities of the Special Trust Fund Project
Japan/OIE Special Trust Fund Project in S.E. Asia (1)
Activities of the Special Trust Fund Project
To encourage the improvement of regional and national HPAI control strategies including the development of contingency plans
2. To encourage HPAI information sharing to further strengthen regional early warning systems
3. To strengthen diagnostic capacity of regional collaborating laboratories and national reference/diagnostic laboratories for HPAI including the holding of training courses on advanced HPAI diagnosis and installment of high performance diagnostic equipment and materials
4. To train field veterinarians and para-professionals on HPAI strategic surveillance

32. OIE Project Coordinator
ＯＩＥ/Japan Special Trust Fund Project for HPAI Control in Southeast Asia (2)
Government of Japan
OIE Paris
FAO
Coordination Committee & Steering Committee
OIE Tokyo
FAO Bangkok
OIE Project Coordinator
Regional Level
Development of Regional Control Strategies
Capacity building:
Software; ①Support to Control Strategy Development, ②Capacity building of diagnosis and surveillance, etc., ③Training for Field veterinarians and para-professionals on strategic surveillance (meetings, hands-on workshops, etc.), ④Information sharing
Hardware; Provision of laboratory diagnostic equipment and materials for capacity building
Development of Information System
National Level
Development of National Strategies and Training

33. Japan/OIE Project to control HPAI in Southeast Asia (3)
<Linkages with GF-TADs>
5. Strong linkage of the Japan/OIE Project to control HPAI with GF-TADs
6. HPAI in Southeast Asia as one of the targeted diseases under GF-TADs (FAO/OIE Global Framework for progressive control of Transboudary Animal Diseases, with participation of WHO) to provide the forum for regional alliance and partnerships, capacity building and support to the national project formulation
7. GF-TADs Regional Steering Committee; representing the structure coordinating animal health programmes in the Region
8. Permanent Secretariat: OIE Regional Representation for Asia and the Pacific based in Tokyo, Japan
9. OIE works with Member Countries in close collaboration with FAO and WHO

34. Conclusion (1)
Need to pay more attention to and to strengthen preparedness and public awareness for Emerging Transboundary animal diseases (including HPAI); lots of possibility of disease transmission in the world
Appropriate Measures to be undertaken, including
1. Strengthening National Veterinary Services
2. Transparent and timely notification of disease
3. Development of Disease Control Strategies (including legislation)
4. Capacity building of Diagnosis and Surveillance (laboratory staff,
Field Veterinarians, Para-Professionals, etc.)
5. Narrowing gaps between legal framework and enforcement
6. A more global/regional approach to implement Strategies

35. Conclusion (2) Conclusion (2)
Closer working linkages between animal and public health (in case of Zoonoses)
Closely working with Partner Organizations; e.g.FAO, WHO and other UN systems, and Regional Organizations such as ASEAN, SAARC and SPC.
OIE works for regional/global animal health improvement, including disease control and preparedness, by providing Scientific Information, International Standards, Technical support, Capacity Building, etc.

36. Thank you for your attention!!!
OIE Tokyo