1. Animal Behavior “Behavioral Ecology”
Chapter 54
Animal Behavior
“Behavioral Ecology”

2. A) Individuals act on information and communicate to others.
- Organisms exchange information
-There is a response to internal changes or external clues
-This changes behavior

3. 1- Fight or Flight response
Stress cause hormonal response which activates survival mechanisms

4. 2- Predator warnings
Skunk raises tail and thumps

5. B- Mechanisms of communication
Variety of signals and cues
Can be
visual
Audible
Tactile
chemical

6. 1) Coloration
Coral snake color –warns of poison

7. Coloration
Poison dart frog

8. 2 - Flower coloration and scent
Attracts certain pollinators

9. 3 - Territory marking
Leaves scent

10. 4 - Bee dances Shows direction and distance to food you tube 1 min
Great info 7 mins

11. 5 - Bird songs
Cardinal
cardinal 30 sec

12. 6 - Herd, school and flock behavior
Motion, (lateral lines on fish)

13. Bird murmurations
starlings 3 mins (show for 20 sec)

14. C. Response to communication is vital for survival
Natural selection –
Cooperative behavior

15. 1- Natural selection
Favors innate and learned behavior that increases survival and fitness

16. Innate behavior
Does not have to be learned
“instinct”

17. A - Sign Stimulus-
Instinctively Sea gull chick pecks at red spot on mother to get food
innate

18. b) Invisible fence
Learned behavior

19. c) Imprinting- Offspring innately do whatever mother does
Ex. Konrad Lorenz and his goslings

20. d) Orientation
Salmon know which steam to enter to get to where they were born

21. e) Migration
Organisms relocate in a cyclical yearly pattern

22. f) Navigation Monarch butterflies know how to get home
Generational – the ones that return north are the offspring

23. g) Courtship behaviors
Must know courtship dance
(Blue footed boobies)

24. h) Sexual selection
Competition to be the most desirable mate as judged by opposite sex

25. 2) Animal Cooperation
Cooperation Increases fitness of the individual AND the population genes

26. a) Alarm calling
Vervet monkeys voice alarm when shown jaguar

27. b) Optimal foraging
organisms forage in such a way as to maximize their energy intake per unit time

28. c) Cooperative Hunting
African wild dogs

29. d) Social insects
Work together for common good
Termites
Honey bees

30. e) Insect societies have castes
Ex. Honeybee.
Queens Produced by royal jelly. Lay eggs
Females do the work
Drones (male bees) mostly useless, but a few get to mate with queen and pass on genes

31. Leaf cutter ants
Build huge mounds, ants have different jobs

32. Meerkats
some guard while others eat

33. Lions
Males defend
Females hunt