1. Survey Through the Kingdoms
BEHAVIOR in animals and plants

2. Innate Behaviors Innate behaviors – instinct, inborn
i.e. Behaviors that don’t have to be taught or learned…
Ex. Spiders building a first web.
Ex. Birds migrating (What is a benefit of migration???)
Ex. Your reflexes
Taxis: moving towards or away from a stimulus
Kinesis: random movement in response to a stimulus

3. Innate Behaviors

4. Learned Behaviors Learned behavior – developed over time
Classical Conditioning – mental connection to stimulus
Ex. Pavlov’s dogs

5. Learned Behaviors
2. Operant Conditioning – learning to behave a certain way (with rewards/punishments)
Ex. Trial and Error – learning with mistakes (mouse in maze)

6. Animal Behaviors

7. Learned Behaviors
3. Insight Learning: reasoning, prior knowledge applied to new situations

8. Learned Behaviors
3. Insight Learning: reasoning, prior knowledge applied to new situations

9. Other behaviors
Habituation: ignoring of stimuli that neither harms nor rewards

10. Other Behaviors Estivation Hibernation
Inactivity in order to avoid hot temperatures in summer
Ex. Cane toads
Hibernation
Inactivity in order to avoid low temperatures in winter
Ex. Bears

11. Other Behaviors
Imprinting – attaches to first moving object and assumes object will be caretaker

12. Social Behaviors Social behaviors Courtship Competition
Aggression (agonistic behavior – a display to look bigger, stronger and more threatening)

13. Animal Behavior
Jane Goodall – observed chimps in natural habitat, revolutionized field of animal behavior

15. Activity 27: plant behaviors
Look at the three plants. Does each appear to have gravitotropism, thigmotropism, or phototropism? Define each plant behavior.

16. Activity 28: animal behaviors
An innate behavior is one that an organism is born with, and one that it does not have to learn. This can also include “fight-or-flight” behaviors, which are often controlled by hormone levels and chemicals within the body.
Describe at least three examples of innate behaviors and describe how each benefits the organism involved.
Provide an explanation, in at least two sentences, for how this “fight-or-flight” response may have evolved.