1. Chapter 4 Organ Systems of the Body

2. DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS
Organ—a structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues organized in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than can any tissue alone
Organ system—a group of organs arranged in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than can any organ alone
Knowledge of individual organs and how they are organized into groups makes the understanding of how a particular organ system functions as a whole more meaningful

3. ORGAN SYSTEMS Integumentary system (Figure 4-2) Structure—organs
Skin
Hair
Nails
Sense receptors
Sweat glands
Oil glands
Functions
Protection
Regulation of body temperature
Synthesis of chemicals
Sense organ

5. ORGAN SYSTEMS Skeletal system (Figure 4-3) Structure Functions Bones
Joints
Functions
Support
Movement (with joints and muscles)
Storage of minerals
Blood cell formation

7. ORGAN SYSTEMS Muscular system (Figure 4-4) Structure Functions Muscles
Voluntary, or striated
Involuntary, or smooth
Cardiac
Functions
Movement
Maintenance of body posture
Production of heat

9. ORGAN SYSTEMS Nervous system (Figure 4-5) Structure Functions
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Sense organs
Functions
Communication
Integration
Control
Recognition of sensory stimuli
System functions by production of nerve impulses caused by stimuli of various types
Control is fast-acting and of short duration

11. ORGAN SYSTEMS Endocrine system (Figure 4-6) Structure Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Thymus gland
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Ovaries (female)
Testes (male)

13. ORGAN SYSTEMS Endocrine system (cont.) Functions
Secretion of special substances called hormones directly into the blood
Same as nervous system—communication, integration, control
Control is slow and of long duration
Examples of hormone regulation:
Growth
Metabolism
Reproduction
Fluid and electrolyte balance

14. ORGAN SYSTEMS Cardiovascular (circulatory) system (Figure 4-7)
Structure
Heart
Blood vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Functions
Transportation
Regulation of body temperature
Immunity (body defense)

16. ORGAN SYSTEMS Lymphatic system (Figure 4-8) Structure Functions
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels
Tonsils
Thymus
Spleen
Functions
Transportation
Immunity (body defense)