1. Lunar Ranging Group LUNAR Team
Gravitational Physics
Lunar Physics
Lunar Laser Ranging
12 April 2011
Pasadena, California

2. Overall Schedule University of Califonia, San Diego
Tom Murphy
Via Telephone
Goddard Space Flight Centrer
Stephen Merkowitz / Alix Preston
University of Maryland, College Park
Doug Currie

3. Decadal Survey Submissions
Astronomy and AstroPhysics Decadal Survey
Gravitational and Particle Physics Panel Report
Many Excellent Comments on the Value of LLR
Planetary Sciences Decadal Survey
Lunar Geophysical Network
Recommended for New Frontier Mission
Would Place Four Retroreflectors on the Moon

4. murphy

5. gsfc

6. Topics UMd Talks Decadal Computer Simulations
Result
Review Deployment & Roles
GLXP
Candidates
Functions
Deployment
Lander
Surface
Drilling
Lifetime
Murphy
Sun Shade
Dust Bombardment
Future Talks & Activities
Dust
ILRS
Status and Suggestions
Ground Stations
Tests at Frascati
NLSI
Talk
Demonstration

7. Conference Proceedings
Currie, D. G., , the LLRRA-21/LSSO Team & the MoonLIGHT/INFN-LNF Team 2010, “A Lunar Laser Ranging RetroReflector Array for the 21st Century” 40th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, The Woodlands, TX 1
Currie, D. G., Zacny, K., 2010 Regolith Drilling for the Lunar Laser Ranging Retroreflector Array for the 21st Century, LUNAR Workshop, Cambridge MA
Currie, D. G., Zacny, K., the LLRRA-21/LSSO Team & the MoonLIGHT/INFN-LNF Team ”A Lunar Laser Ranging RetroReflector Array for the 21st Century” Lunar Exploration Analysis Group Washington DC.
Dell'Agnello, S., Delle Monache, G. O., Currie, D. G., et. All, G., & McElfresh D. “The Moon as a test body for General Relativity and new gravitational theories” presented at the conference European Planetary Science Congress 2010 (ESPC2010) at the Angelicum Centre – Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Rome, Italy.
Dell’Agnello, S. , Currie, D. G. , Delle MonacheG. O. , et al Cantone, C. Garattini, M. Martini, M. Intaglietta, N. Lops C. , March, R , Tauraso, R, Bellettini G. , Maiello, M , Berardi, S. , Porcelli, L.; "Next Generation Lunar Laser Ranging and its GNSS Applications"; IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky (MT),
Peron, R.; Bellettini, G.; Berardi, S.; Boni, A.; Cantone, C.; Coradini, A.; Currie, D. G.; Dell'Agnello, S.; Delle Monache, G. O.; , et al. “Advanced instrumentation for Solar System gravitational physics” EGU General Assembly 2010, held 2-7 May, 2010 in Vienna, Austria,
Currie, D. G., Delle Monache & G. O. Dell’Agnello, S “A Lunar Laser Retroreflector for the FOR the 21ST Century (LLRRA-21): Selenodesy, Science and Status” 2010 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting San Francisco, CA
Currie, D. G., Dell’Agnello, S. & Delle Monache, G. O “LUNAR LASER RANGING: FLIGHT HARDWARE SIMULATION, TESTING AND STATUS”. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, The Woodlands, TX , 

8. Talks, Colloquia and Public Presentations
Talks at Scientific Conferences
Currie, D. G., & the LLRRA-21 Teams 2011 “A LUNAR LASER RANGING RETRO-REFLECTOR ARRAY for the 21st CENTURY” 2nd Lunar Laser Ranging Workshop, International Space Sciences Institute, Bern Switzerland
 Currie, D. G., & The LLRRA-21 Teams 2010 “A LUNAR LASER RANGING RETRO-REFLECTOR ARRAY for the 21st CENTURY” LUNAR Workshop Boulder CO
Currie, D. G., Dell’Agnello, S. & Delle Monache, G. O A Lunar Laser Ranging Retroreflector Array for the 21st Century ISOT 2010 International Symposium on Optomechatronic Technologies, Toronto, Canada
Currie, D. G., & the LLRRA-21 Teams 2011 “A LUNAR LASER RANGING RETRO-REFLECTOR ARRAY for the 21st CENTURY” 2nd Lunar Laser Ranging Workshop, International Space Sciences Institute, Bern Switzerland
Dell’Agnello, S.; Currie, D. G.; Delle Monache, G. O.; Lops, C.; M. Martini 2010 “LLRRA21/MoonLIGHT: a 2nd Generation Lunar Laser Ranging Array for Precision Gravity Tests and Lunar Science Measurements” at the Conference Global Lunar Conference – Beijing, China.
Ddd 31 May-3 June 2010 talk
Colloquia and Public Presentations
Currie, D. G nd NLSI Commerce Virtual Lecture A Lunar Laser Ranging Retroreflector for the 21st Century

9. Computer Simulations Problems Computer simulation Objectives
Commercial Software Issues
Computer Failures
300 Million Beer’s Law Calculations for Each
Computer simulation Objectives
End to End Simulation
Technical Objectives
Selection of Thermal Coatings
Effects of Shorter Sun Shade
GLXP Candidates for Size / Angular Tolerances
Eclipse Effects
For LLRRA-21, not Apollo
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10. Computer Simulations 500 Time Steps Over a Lunation
HeatLoad3D
IDL – University of Maryland
Evaluates Solar Heat Loads in CCR at ~ a Million Nodes
Thermal Desktop
Commercial - Cullimorgan and Ring Technologies
Combine CCR Heat Loads with Solar Inputs to Temperature at 1733 Nodes
TempToPhase
Converts Temperatures from thermal Desktop into Phase Errors
Code V
Commercial -
Combines Thermal Phase Errors with TIR Phases and Effect of Offset Angles
Analysis
Converts Far Field Diffraction Patterns into Useful Operational Results
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In HeatLoad3D
74.4 x 2 nodes / ray
4,000 rays
500 time steps
300,000,000 – 300 million
1,000 spectral bands
300 billion Beer’s Law Calculation per One choice of parameters

11. Frascati Testing Thermal Vacuum Tests Images of Chamber and CCR Face
Optical Table for Far Field Diffraction Pattern
InfraRed Camera for Temperature Meaurements
Optical Simulator for “Sun”
Thermal Sensors on CCR
Images of Chamber and CCR Face

12. Different Deployment Versions Single Shot Range Accuracy
Current Single Shot Accuracy is ~20 mm
If Mounted on Lander
Thermal Expansion of Lander
Heat Flux from Lander
Single Shot Accuracy of 1-3 millimeters
If a Surface Deployment
Thermal Expansion of Regolith
Sub-Millimeter Single Shot Accuracy
If an Anchored Deployment
Anchored at ~1 meter depth
Better than 100 micron Single Shot Accuracy

13. Google Lunar X Prize Prize by Google Corporation for 30 M$
Only Private Money for GLXP Objectives
Can Be Government Money
For Other Objectives – Like LLRRA-21
Currently Working with:
Lunar Express, Hai Li
Astrobotics David Gump
Moon Express Bob Richards
NextGreatLeap Michael Joyce
Penn State University Miles Smith
FREDNET Sean Casey
Multiple Missions that May Be Successful
Achieve an Array of Retroreflectors

14. Deployment Lander

15. Surface Deployment Frame of Silicon Carbide
What has been tested at Frascati

16. Anchored Deployment Astrobotics & Honeybee

17. Lifetime of LLRRA-21 Degradation of Laser Returns
Tom Murphy and APOLLO Station
Factor of 9.6 over 40 years
Amelioration of Problem
Sun Shade
Blocks Dust Deposition
Block Micrometeorite Bombardment
But What is the Real Reason for Degradation?
For Micrometeorite Bombardment
Test at Horanyi’s Dust Accelerator
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18. Signal Level for One LLRRA-21
Briefly
LLRRA-21 Signal ~ Equal to Apollo 15 Array
Therefore Can Works with Sub-Meter Telescopes
Will Need to Upgrade of Laser, Timing Electronics
McDonald at 0.67 meter Currently successfully Ranges to A15
Long Life - Dust Issues Handled with SunShade
More Precisely – IsoThermal
Station Angle LLRRA-21 Signal Return
Latitude Offsets w.r.t. A15
Yes %
No %
Yes %
No %

19. Future Objectives
Schedule: >> Driven by the Google Lunar X Prize Launch
April/December 2013 i.e., Astrobotics
Need to Finalize the Design
Need to Attain Sufficient TRL to Obtain Funding i.e., T/V/O Test
Need to Fabricate/Test/Integrate Flight Hardware
Simulations to Optimize Thermal Coatings
To Control Thermal Gradients and thus Signal
Optimize within Limits of Pracitical Coatings
Different Choices for Different GLXP Missions
Interactions with GLXP Teams
Each has Different Physical & Organizational Structures
Therefore Each Requires Somewhat Different Thermal Design
Each Requires Different Emplacement Procedures

20. Future Talks & Activities
Evaluate Dust Bombardment
Mihaly Horanyi – Dust Accelerator - Early May
International Laser Ranging Service Meeting – Late May
Present Status of LLRRA-21 to Actual Ranging Groups
Collect Suggestions from Operators
Present What is Needed for Ground Stations for LLRRA-21
Thermal/Vacuum/Optical Tests at Frascati
Early June – TRL 6.5 -> TRL 7.0
NASA Lunar Science Institute – Mid July
Talk on LLRRA-21 Hardware and GLXP Mission Status
Report on Honeybee Grant on Pneumatic Drill for LLRRA-21
Demonstration of Pneumatic Drilling
Probably Mounted on Astrobotic Lander