1. Agriculture and Food Security : Ideas for the Multilateral Trading System Beyond Bali E15 Initiative "Strengthening the Multilateral Trading System" Stefan Tangermann Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development Presented by Ellen Terpstra, IPC

2. Stefan Tangermann, University of Göttingen 2 Agriculture needs the multilateral system Uruguay Round was historical breakthrough on agriculture Further progress is needed to make best use of scarce resources to feed growing world population Ongoing Doha negotiations, including achievements in Bali, are crucially important –market access –domestic support –export competition

3. Stefan Tangermann, University of Göttingen 3 New challenges of 21 st century: markets Food markets: from demand constrained to supply constrained Dramatic price volatility Climate change impacts on food production Growing market share of developing countries wheat price in international trade Use of agricultural commodities for bioenergy

4. Stefan Tangermann, University of Göttingen 4 New challenges of 21 st century: policies Changes in agricultural policy regimes of major countries Policies addressing climate change and environmental issues Experiences with implementing AoA Spread of RTAs

5. Stefan Tangermann, University of Göttingen 5 Ideas considered focus on... Contributions the trading system can make to –improving food security –sustainable agricultural development –strengthening well-functioning markets –promoting transparency Three time horizons –short term –medium term –longer term

6. Stefan Tangermann, University of Göttingen 6 Ideas: short term Food Security – new instrument of financial solidarity all developed and emerging countries make financial support available, in proportion to their overall trade-distorting domestic support (OTDS), for projects to improve food security in poor countries Export restrictions more transparency, consultations exclusion from export restrictions of food aid for countries in emergency Transparency regarding support to biofuels Improved monitoring and surveillance under AoA More assistance to developing countries regarding SPS measures (e.g. Standards and Trade Development Facility)

7. Stefan Tangermann, University of Göttingen 7 Ideas: medium term Rules on export taxes Further development of green box rules Improved transparency of SPS measures Treatment of agriculture in RTAs

8. Stefan Tangermann, University of Göttingen 8 Ideas: longer term Disciplines on support for biofuels Incentives for compliance with monitoring rules Green box focus on public goods

9. Stefan Tangermann, University of Göttingen 9 Ideas: international co-operation to improve food security Work towards more market transparency, including stock levels Assistance for (small, targeted) emergency reserves Assistance for establishment and financing of social safety nets Assistance for raising agricultural productivity in developing countries

10. Stefan Tangermann, University of Göttingen 10Conclusions World agriculture and food system faces new challenges Improving food security is crucial Importance of Doha negotiations on agriculture (including progress in Bali) has become even more obvious There is low hanging fruit that can be picked early... but also more demanding business

11. Stefan Tangermann, University of Göttingen 11 E-15 Participants Stefan TANGERMANN, Theme Leader, University of GöttingenRicardo MELÉNDEZ ORTIZ, Convener, Chief Executive, ICTSD Miguel RODRIGUEZ MENDZOA, Convener, Senior Associate, ICTSD Ellen TERPSTRA, Co-Convener, President, IPC Christophe BELLMANN,Group Manager, Programmes Director, ICTSD Manzoor AHMAD, Senior Fellow, ICTSD Ken Ash, Director for Trade and Agriculture, OECD Lara Birkes, ICTSD Senior Fellow David BLANDFORD, Professor, Penn State UniversityBipul CHATTERJEE, Consumer Unity & Trust Society Pedro DE CAMARGO NETO, Brazilian Pork Industry and Exporter Association Eugenio DIAZ BONILLA, IFPRI Christian HAEBERLI, Senior Research Fellow, WTI 44 Nicolas IMBODEN, Partner and Co-Founder, IDEAS Centre Sebastien JEAN, Scientific Advisor, CEPII Tim JOSLING, Freeman Spogli Institute, Stanford University Willem-Jan LAAN, Director, Global External Affairs, Unilever Stephen MBITHI MWIKYA, Fresh Producers Exporters Association of Kenya Seth MEYER, Economist, Food and Agriculture Organization Raul Montemayor, Federation of Free Farmers Cooperatives Sophia MURPHY, Institute for Agricultural Trade Policy (IATP) Hongxing NI, Agricultural Trade Promotion Centre, China Herbert OBERHAENSLI, Nestle Carlos PéREZ DEL CASTILLO Chair of the Consortium Board, CGIAR Centres