1. Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Introduction to Chemistry
Chapter 2

2. What are some questions that may arise from looking at this picture?

3. https://www. pearsonrealize
5e920e930248/18/lesson/ c-768f-3eb8-ab62-c8dde470dc53/18/content/806c3fa5-290e-31a4-997b-e206d6d34a0b/19

4. Getting Started p.38

6. Introduction to Chemistry Chapter 2 Lesson 1
States of Matter
Introduction to Chemistry
Chapter 2
Lesson 1

7. Objectives Describe the motion of particles in a solid.
Describe the motion of particles in a liquid.
Describe the motion of particles in a gas.
We are covering NGSS:
DCI-MS-PS3.A.4
A system of objects may also contain stored (potential) energy, depending on their relative positions.
DCI-MS-PS3.A.5
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles of matter. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter present.
PE-MS-PS3-2
Develop a model to describe that when the arrangement of objects interacting at a distance changes, different amounts of potential energy are stored in the system.

8. My Planet Diary – Liquid Crystals
Have you ever wondered why some television sets are referred to as LCD TVs? LCD stands for “liquid crystal display.” An LCD is a thin, flat screen. LCDs have replaced the picture tubes in many computer monitors and television sets because they are lighter and use less power. LCDs are also found in cell phones and clock radio faces.
Liquid crystals are neither solid nor liquid—instead they fall somewhere in between. But it takes just a small amount of thermal energy to change a liquid crystal to a liquid. As a result, LCDs tend to be very sensitive to heat.
Communicate List some things that contain LCDs.
Communicate Why might you not want to leave a cell phone or a laptop computer outside on a hot day?

9. States of Matter
When you stand on a lakeshore, you can experience three different states of matter in the same location.
The water in the lake is liquid, the ground you stand on is solid, and the air around you is gas.
Each type of matter is made up of tiny particles.
The movement and arrangement of the particles determines whether matter is a solid, a liquid, or a gas.

10. How Do You Describe a Solid?
The particles in a solid are packed tightly together, vibrating slightly about their fixed positions.
This fixed, closely packed arrangement of particles in a solid causes it to have a definite shape and volume.
There are two types of solids: The particles in crystalline solids form a regular, repeating pattern; the particles in amorphous solids are held tightly together, but not in a repeating pattern.
When a crystalline solid is heated, it melts at a distinct temperature.
Amorphous solids become softer and softer, not melting at a distinct temperature.

11. How Do You Describe a Liquid?
The particles in a liquid are packed almost as closely as those in a solid, but they can move around each other freely.
Because its particles are free to move, a liquid has no definite shape.
However, it does have a definite volume.
Liquids are also called fluids, meaning “substances that flow”.
Viscosity is a fluid’s resistance to flow.
For example, honey has a higher viscosity than water.
Liquids have surface tension, an inward force that brings the molecules on the surface closer together.
Surface tension causes water to bead up on surfaces.

12. How Do You Describe a Gas?
Like a liquid, a gas is also a fluid. Gas particles move in all directions.
As they move, gas particles spread apart, filling all the space available.
Thus, a gas has neither definite shape nor definite volume.

13. How Do You Describe a Gas?
The volume of a gas is the same as the volume of its container; the particles just move farther apart or closer together.
The pressure of a gas is the force of the outward push of its particles on the walls of its container divided by the area of the walls.
The temperature of a gas (or other substance) is a measure of the average energy of motion of the particles.
The faster the particles are moving, the greater their energy and the higher the temperature.