1. R. MANDOKI Project Manager (Andra/D2I/SI)
Conditions of Be Acceptance in current and future radioactive waste disposal facilities Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017
R. MANDOKI
Project Manager (Andra/D2I/SI)

2. Table of contents Andra presentation
Radioactive Waste classification in France
IO Waste Routing considerations
Origin of Be waste and expected disposal routes
Conditions for acceptance on disposal facilities
5.1. VLLW (CIRES)
5.2. LILW-SL (CSA)
5.3. ILW (CIGEO)
Recommandations & Conclusion
D2I/SI/
Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017

3. A French state owned company ...
1. Andra : Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs National Radioactive Waste Management Agency
A French state owned company ...
... in charge of implementing solutions
... for long term radioactive waste management:
Research
Design, construction, operation, closure and monitoring of disposal facilities
Information
Turnover : ~335 M€
Staff: ~700
D2I/SI/
Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017

4. 2. Radioactive Waste classification in France
Short lived waste
(period of main nuclides < 30 years)
Long lived waste
High level
Deep geological disposal
Intermediate level
Operating
Centre de l ’
Aube
CSA – Soulaines
(LILW – SL – Type A)
Low level
Low leveL
Planned
(graphite, radium bearing)
Near surface Disposal
Very low level
Waste
CIRES - Morvilliers
(VLLW) - TFA
In operation
since 2003
Expected: m3
Planned
In operation
since 1992
(ILW_LL) – type B
Expected: 180,000 m3
Expected: 1,900,000 m3
A radioactive waste classification based on the disposal pathways
National radioactive materials and wastes
Wastes location
Wastes amounts
Expected arising wastes
Expected:
IL-LL: 75,000 m3
HL: 10,000 m3
Planned
D2I/SI/
Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017

5. 3. IO Waste Management Process agreed in April 2008
Type B (LILW-LL-MAVL)/Purely
tritiated
Type A (FMA)/TFA IO
Processing
Processing
Pre -
Packaging
Package
Temporary storage 6 months
transport On -
site storage
(until decomm.)
HOST
Final
condi./packaging
Interim storage for
Transport
FMA or TFA
Interim Storage
CSFMA/CSTFA
Final Disposal
D2I/SI/
Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017

6. 4. Origin of Be radioactive waste and expected disposal routes
During operation and decommisionning, about 1 ton of (radioactive) Be dust is expected to be produced and will potentially concern 3 waste routes
Components
containing Be
Be contaminted components
Operation
(activation)
Erosion
Replacement
Maintenance
Decommissioning …
ILW
(type B)
LILW-SL
(type A)
VLLW
(TFA)
D2I/SI/
Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017

7. 4. Be waste expected for disposal
Waste Description and features
Primary
conditioning
VLLW
Be dust contamined materials, very little activation
+ Filters
Sealed plastic bags in 200L drums
LILW-SL
Be dust contamined materials, little activation
Sealed plastic bags in 200L drums (to be confirmed)
ILW-LL
Bulk Be + Be dust contamined materials, high activation
Final conditioning to be ensured by France:
Option 1 : in 700L drums
Option 2 : in IO Hot Cell storage Basket (optimization under study)
D2I/SI/
Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017

8. 5. COMMON Considerations for Surface Disposal (TFA and type A)
As asbestos, the presence of Be (a CMR class 2 susbtance) induces specific risks in operation, also on the disposal site (drop, collision, fire, …)
Waste packages
Compaction
Grouting
Direct disposal
D2I/SI/
Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017

9. 5. Common considerations for Surface Disposal (TFA and type A)
 Human and workers exposure was not taken into account in the safety assessment of the surface facilities.
 Conditioning options are not open :
It depends of the type of waste and associated specifications
Specific requirements for the conditioning apply:
- to waste compactable at ANDRA sites, and
- to waste to be injected with a binder at ANDRA sites.
In some cases, some conditioning options are forbidden.
In the TBM Waste study (ref. PI.NT.ARPM.14,0062/D), Andra has outlined the conditioning recommendations for each type of waste (VLLW, LILW).
D2I/SI/
Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017

10. 5.1. Conditions for acceptance on disposal facilities Very Low Level Waste – TFA (CIRES)
VLLW Waste containing Beryllium:
There is no limit per package defined at this stage (this could be reconsidered on basis of a precise inventory, conditioning and safety assessment)
 Conditioning requirements :
It is forbidden to use compaction nor injection of a hydraulic binder at CIRES site for waste containing beryllium, regardless of the content levels in question.
To avoid the dissemination (release) of this element which is toxic by inhalation, any waste containing beryllium must be conditioned using a leaktight method that complies with the generic requirements applicable to all waste packages, applicable both for :
solid blocks of beryllium
or for waste contaminated by beryllium dust.
In compliance with the specified requirements, the toxic chemical element, beryllium, must be identified and quantified so it can be duly declared to Andra.
D2I/SI/
Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017

11. 5.2. Conditions for acceptance on CSA disposal facilities Low and Intermediate Level Waste – Short Lived (type A)
LILW-SL (Type A) Waste containing Beryllium:
There is no limit per package defined at this stage (this could be reconsidered on basis of a precise inventory, conditioning and safety assessment)
 Conditioning requirements (for Be in solid form or Be dusts) :
Andra recommends a conditioning in concrete containers at the producer's site (leak-tight and drop resistant)
Waste contaminated with or containing beryllium is not acceptable for treatment in the compaction and injection units at the CSA facility (a study for the acceptance of waste packages containing beryllium concerned by the injection of a binder can nonetheless be foreseen).
Based on the inventory per waste package, a drop impact analysis must be carried out to confirm the acceptance of such waste in standard waste packages for direct disposal in the CSA facility
To comply with the limits specified in the CSA authorisation for the inventory of each chemical toxin, the requirements for identifying, quantifying and declaring also remain in force.
D2I/SI/
Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017

12. 5.3. Conditions for acceptance on disposal facilities ILW (CIGEO)
Conditioning requirements for waste containing Beryllium
Beryllium belongs to toxic chemicals which must be declared to the project
For health risks assessment
Waste Acceptance Criteria and Be Requirements will depend on :
Design choices
Operating mode
Safety demonstration
 CIGEO key Project schedule :
DAC Authorization of creation Demand (with Updated WAC) : mid 2018
Active Commissioning phase : … 2030
D2I/SI/
Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017

13. 5.3. Step foreseen for the Safety demontration in CIGEO
Waste package characteristics
Technological knowledge
Site Characteristics
Framework and Safety Strategy
Functions Required (AF)
Description / design of disposal packages and the facility
Regulatory framework/reference guidance
Scientific knowledge
Input data
Qualitative analyses
Quantitative assessments
Strategy - Context
Data input – Assessment basis
Post closure safety/analysis of uncertainties
Post closure
Normal Evolution Scenario
Impact in normal operation (indicators)
Impact of incidental / accidental scenarios ( indicators)
Impact of normal and altered scenarios (indicators)
Incidental /accidental situations
Normal operation
Operational safety / risk analysis (AR)
Altered Evolution Scenarios
Compliance of the safety level with the objectives to be reached and as a function of the stage of the design development
ESTABLISHEMENT OF WAC and IDENTIFICATION OF RELATED ACTIVITY CONTROLS
Operational
D2I/SI/
Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017

14. 5.3. what is the CIGEO Project ?
D2I/SI/
Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017

15. 6. Recommandations & Conclusion
If the disposal options is the most (or the only) meaningfull, go for waste packages for direct disposal as much as possible :
Avoid non blocked pulverulent waste or “free Be”
Foresee conditioning installation at Iter site (fixator, cementation, …)
Choose a waste package leak tight and drop resistant (1,2 m minimum)
Nevertheless, for surface disposal of waste packages containing Beryllium (LLW and LILW-SL), as an alternative to the injection at Iter’s site, a study to check the feasibility of an injection operation at the Andra's sites can be foreseen (despite possible prohibition).
For CIGEO (project) :
The quantity and physical form of Be waste should be assessed and consolidated as an input data to be taken in the design of the facility.
Presently, there is no specified Be limit in the (projet) CIGEO WAC and no obligation to block the waste. Risk analysis, foreseen for the DAC in 2018, may induce restrictions on Be waste.
A Framework Agreement allows us to work together to consolidate and optimize the waste management of ITER.
D2I/SI/
Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017

16. Thank you for your attention!
D2I/SI/
Be Management Workshop – June 28th 2017