1. Risk, Toxicology, and Human Health
G. Tyler Miller’s
Living in the Environment
13th Edition
Chapter 11
Dr. Richard Clements
Chattanooga State Technical Community College

2. Key Concepts Types of hazards people face Methods of toxicology
Types and measurement of chemical hazards
Types and effects of biological hazards
Risk estimation, management, and reduction

3. Risk and Probability Risk Probability Risk assessment Risk management
Fig p. 229
Risk
Probability
Risk assessment
Risk management

4. Hazards Cultural hazards Chemical hazards Physical hazards
Fig p. 228
Chemical hazards
Physical hazards
Biological hazards

5. Toxicology Toxicity Dosage Bioaccumulation Biomagnification Synergism
Fig. 11-4
p. 231
Toxicity
Dosage
Bioaccumulation
Fig. 11-3
p. 230
Biomagnification
Synergism
Response
Acute effect
Chronic effect

6. Poisons Poison LD50 Median lethal dose See Table 11-1 p. 232
Fig p. 231
Poison
LD50
Median lethal dose
See Table 11-1 p. 232

7. Dose-Response Curves Dose-response Nonthreshold Threshold
Fig p. 233

8. Chemical Hazards Hazardous chemicals Mutagens Teratogens Carcinogens
Neurotoxins
Hormonally active agents
Precautionary principle

9. Biological Hazards: Diseases
Nontransmissible disease
Transmissible disease
Fig p. 243
Pathogens
Vectors
Antibiotic resistance
Malaria
AIDS
See Case Study p. 241

10. Risk Analysis Risk analysis Comparative risk analysis
Fig p. 247
Risk analysis
Comparative risk analysis
Cost-benefit analysis
Risk management
Risk perception