1. Regulation: Nervous System

2. A World Without Pain
Four-year-old Roberto Salazar does not feel pain because of a rare genetic disorder.
Perry Goldberger, 15, can't distinguish between hot and cold
and cannot feel pain

3. NERVOUS SYSTEM

5. Nerve Cells Nerve cells = neurons
Receive impulses and send the messages to various parts of the body via Cellular Communication
Nerve cells make up:
Nerves
Brain
Spinal cord
Receptors

6. ????
You accidentally place your hand on a hot iron and quickly move it away.
What is the stimulus?
What is the impulse?
What is the response?
What is the difference between the CNS and PNS?
What is the function of a neuron?

7. Neuron Structure 1. Cyton- cell body 2. Cell nucleus
3. Dendrites – receive impulses

8. Neuron Structure Cont…
7. Axon – carries impulses away from the dendrites
6. Myelin Sheath – fatty covering of the axon which speeds up impulses
5. Schwann Cells (make myelin)

9. Neuron Structure Cont…
9. Terminal Branches
Synapse – gap where impulses travel from the axon of one neuron to the dendrites of another neuron.
Neurotransmitters – chemical messengers that cross the synapse

10. Types of Neurons Sensory: carry impulses to the CNS
Motor: carry impulses from the CNS to other parts of the body such as muscles
Mixed: contain both

11. Receptors Receive messages
Found on the cell membrane and are VERY SPECIFIC!!!

12. CNS

13. The Brain Cerebrum – thinking, memory, voluntary actions, emotions
Cerebellum – coordination and balance
Medulla (brain stem) – involuntary actions like breathing and heartbeat

14. Spinal Cord Mass of nerve cells Vertebrae – protect it Function –
relays impulses to and from the brain
center for some reflex actions

15. Autonomic Nervous System
Part of the peripheral nervous system
Controls involuntary behavior (automatic)
Examples:
Breathing
Heart rate
Blinking, dilation of pupil
Production of saliva
Increases and decreases the rate of these involuntary behaviors to help maintain homeostasis

16. Reflexes- Reflex arc Involuntary behavior Reflex:
Receptor (nerve endings in the knee) receive a message
Sensory neuron sends to message to the spinal cord (CNS)
The interneuron connects the sensory neuron to the motor neurons
The motor neuron sends the message to the muscle in the leg (EFFECTOR)
Effector then reacts such as a knee jerk

17. Somatic Nervous System
Part of the peripheral nervous system
voluntary behavior
Examples: movement of skeletal muscles

18. Disorders of the Nervous System

19. Cerebral Palsy
Birth disorder that affects motor function.

20. Polio
A viral pathogen that polio affects the nerves, resulting in paralysis of the arms, legs or the diaphragm (which controls breathing). Between two and five per cent of people who develop paralytic polio will die. Half of those who survive will have permanent paralysis.

21. Stroke When a free-floating blood clot reaches the brain
Blood vessel ruptures in the head/neck

22. Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges (membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)
Can be viral (not severe) or bacterial (VERY severe)
Symptoms come quickly
Fever and chills, nausea and vomiting, sensitivity to light, severe headaches

23. The meningococcal vaccination is recommended for:
Adolescents ages and adolescents entering high school (about age 15) who have not already received the vaccination.
All college freshmen who have not been vaccinated and are living in dorms.
Those traveling to countries where diseases caused by meningococcus are very common