1. MAPPINGS AND AFFORDANCES
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SD142-Catherine M. Burns

2. Chording KeyBoard Exercise
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SD142-Catherine M. Burns

3. Uses combinations of keys to generate the alphabet
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SD142-Catherine M. Burns

4. With a partner Develop a mapping between the alphabet and the keyboard
Make a paper prototype of the keyboard
Test your keyboard with the following statement
The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.
Make sure you both try it and time each other.
12/1/2018
SD142-Catherine M. Burns

5. Discussion Items Can you label the keys?
How many things does each button do?
Examples of mappings
Examples of usability times
If you were selling this, would you need a manual? What would be in it?
12/1/2018
SD142-Catherine M. Burns

6. Keyboard Video Requires live connection, available on the website.
12/1/2018
SD142-Catherine M. Burns

7. Which is more common today, the chording keyboard or the QWERTY keyboard? WHY?
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SD142-Catherine M. Burns

8. Designs that don't work for people don't work at all!
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SD142-Catherine M. Burns

9. Examples of Bad Designs
Digital Watches
buttons that do different things but look the same
buttons that do multiple things on the same button
Doors
that don’t indicate push/pull or that they are even doors.
12/1/2018
SD142-Catherine M. Burns

10. What’s the problem?
What the object does, (its opportunities for ACTION) are not visible
Your user needs to know two things
HOW IT WORKS
WHAT IT DOES
These are the object’s AFFORDANCES
12/1/2018
SD142-Catherine M. Burns

11. Sounds easy right? Doors at UW
Exit of the Davis Centre by the library. Internal set has same handle for push and pull.
Engineering Lecture Hall doors.
If you have to write “PUSH” or “PULL” on it, you’ve already got a bad design.
12/1/2018
SD142-Catherine M. Burns

12. Making Affordances Visible
Affordances become visible by establishing mappings.
Mapping: a connection between what you want to do and what is possible
12/1/2018
SD142-Catherine M. Burns

13. Affordances Affordance: the properties of a thing
e.g. chairs afford "sitting on"
what about tables?
Affordances are "designed in" but sometimes things afford more possibilities than intended.
12/1/2018
SD142-Catherine M. Burns

14. Goal in design: direct processing, immediate use
People process affordances directly and naturally without thinking about them.
Goal in design: direct processing, immediate use
Corollary: If you need a manual for it, its probably poorly designed!
12/1/2018
SD142-Catherine M. Burns

15. Kinds of Mappings
1. Natural Mappings: goal of user maps directly to style of use.
e.g. steering wheel on car, turn right, top moves to right.
2. Social/Cultural Mappings: movement or mapping follows a social convention
e.g. light switches
12/1/2018
SD142-Catherine M. Burns

16. Feedback
What is feedback? Letting the user know that their action has been done. e.g. push of buttons, tones, messages, visual indications.
response
USER
SYSTEM
signal
feedback
12/1/2018
SD142-Catherine M. Burns

17. Constraining User Actions
using smart design to prevent mistakes, errors, and injuries
Floppy diskette example. It only goes in one way. Try it!
Most human errors indicate a design problem. Design to:
1. reduce human error
2. minimise the effect of it.
12/1/2018
SD142-Catherine M. Burns