1. A Technological Revolution
Chapter 14
The Expansion of American Industry

2. Daily Life- 1865/1900 1865 No indoor electric lighting
No refrigeration
Mail:
East Coast Midwest:
10 days; 3 weeks to reach West Coast
By 1900, there is lots of growth in new ideas & inventions
PATENT
Typewriter, phonograph, sewing machine
U.S. standard of living becomes one of world’s best

3. Railroads Improve Transportation
Until 1850’s, steamships provided most of transportation
Before Civil War, most trains are short lines
Safety issues with trains

5. Transcontinental Railroad
Railroad business will improve greatly after the Civil War
The key was the building of the Transcontinental Railroad
This will allow people to travel from coast to coast

6. Transcontinental RR Built with blood, sweat, politics and thievery
Government subsidies fund much of project- huge loans and land grants were given to 2 companies
Mostly immigrant labor used

7. Transcontinental RR Union Pacific RR
Central Pacific RR
Built east from Sacramento, CA over Sierra Nevada mountains
Chinese labor used-paid less than other workers
Union Pacific RR
Built west from Omaha, NE over Rocky Mountains
20,000 workers laid 5 miles of track a day and die by the hundreds
Irish & war veterans

8. Transcontinental RR
Transcontinental Railroad
After 7 years, the two crews meet at Promontory Point, UT
The owner of Central Pacific RR, Leland Stanford drives the “golden spike”
Play-by-play is delivered to the nation via telegraph

10. Communication Advances
Telegraph
Samuel Morse receives patent
Morse Code- code of short/long electric impulses which replicate alphabet (1844)
Begins communication revolution

11. Communication Advances
Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell patents phone in 1876
A Scottish immigrant , Bell was 29
Helps establish AT&T to build long distance lines
Early lines only connect 2 places

12. Electric Power Will change people’s eating, working & sleeping habits
Will lead to important changes in industrial development

13. The Wizard of Menlo Park “Opportunity is missed by most people because it is dressed in overalls and looks like work.”

14. Edison will help make electric power widely available
Thomas Edison "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine per cent perspiration. Accordingly, a  'genius' is often merely a talented person who has done all of his or her homework."  
Edison will help make electric power widely available
Menlo Park is his “invention factory”
Phonograph, light bulb & power plant

15. Electric’s Impact Refrigeration possible> reduces food spoilage
Workplace/new jobs > electric-powered machines
Many areas of country still go without electric for decades (mainly rural); some just can’t afford appliances

16. The Bessemer Process
Through mid-1800’s, the U.S. depends on iron for railroads & building
1856- Englishman Henry Bessemer receives patent for Bessemer Process
Steel-making process is now easier & cheaper
Advantages of steel: lighter, stronger & more flexible

17. Bessemer Process * allows for mass production of steel
** Before Bessemer:
Iron to steel: 3-5 tons/day
** After: 3-5 tons in 15 minutes
By 1880: 1 million tons of steel produced
By 1910: 25 million tons

18. The Brooklyn Bridge

19. The Brooklyn Bridge New York City grows rapidly after Civil War
To help Manhatten workers get to work in Brooklyn easier, a suspension bridge will be built
Longest in world (then); symbol of American success