1. The Rise of Big Business 1865 – 1914

2. Railroads Lead the Way
After the war railroads started economic growth in U.S.
1st Transcontinental railroad – 1869
By railway lines crossed the country
100’s of smaller lines branched off
What started Americans economic growth?

3. Age of Big Business
After Civil War America changed from agricultural to industrial society.
Factors of America’s economic growth:
Land - All natural resources (ex. land, oil)
Labor – large number of workers needed to produce raw materials into goods.
Capital – equipment, used in production (ex. machines, buildings, machinery , and tools )

4. Competition
To eliminate competition and make more money, some became robber barons: business person who became wealthy through dishonest methods.

5. John D. Rockefeller Industry: Oil Organized the Standard Oil Company
Methods: Created a monopoly – put competitors out of business.
Rockefeller made it so you had to buy oil from his company

6. Andrew Carnegie Industry: Steel Forms Carnegie Steel Company
Methods: Vertical integration – bought all companies that helped make/ship his steel

8. Big Business began to control everything.
Monopoly: Company that had sole control of an industry. Trust: a legal body Created to hold Stock in many companies

9. Monopolies and trusts allowed one or a few individuals to control many aspects of business: Prices Wages/conditions of workers Stock Some even claimed the government.(votes) How did monopolies and trusts effect America?

10. The Gilded Age: Term used to describe tremendous wealth and poverty in the late 1800s The glamour of the rich hid the truth about the poor and crime.

12. The however events and individuals will start the change
The however events and individuals will start the change. Monopolies and trusts will wrangled in by laws. Working and living conditions will improve by individuals known as progressives.

13. Political Cartoon

14. Inventions Many new inventions came after the Civil War
Samuel Morse – Telegraph
Alexander Graham Bell - Telephone
Lewis Latimer - Filament
Henry Ford – Model T
George Eastman – Kodak Camera
Thomas Edison – Light bulb, phonograph
Wright Brothers – Air Plane

16. Assembly Line

17. Industrial Workers Imagine working 10 to 12 hours a day
Being able to get fired at anytime for any reason
Being in a noisy, unhealthy, and unsafe environment
Working with dangerous equipment where accidents were not uncommon

18. Women and Children
Women had joined the industrial workforce in millions
Receive half the wage as men
Child labor
Hundreds of thousands of children under 16 worked in factories

19. Labor Unions Form
Dissatisfied workers formed groups to demand better pay and working conditions
Knights of Labor – 1869
American Federation of Labor – represented skilled workers
Collective bargaining – unions represent workers in bargaining with management

20. The Unions Act
When companies would cut wages or fire workers sometimes the labor unions would go on strike.
Had large strikes that sometimes sparked violence.
Strikes were happening all over the country.
Government would often send police or military to control strikers.