1. Chapter 8: The Brain & Senses Waggy
Anatomy & Physiology
Chapter 8: The Brain & Senses
Waggy

2. Key Concepts Parts of the brain: cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem
Senses: The Eye
Structure
function

3. Parts of the Brain The brain is made up of three major sections: 1. 2.3.

4. The First part of the brain: Cerebrum
Cerebral Cortex -

5. Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Cerebral Cortex

6. Features of the Cerebrum
Gyri –
Sulci -
Central Sulcus –
Fissures –
Longitudinal Fissure –
Transverse Fissure –
Sylvian/Lateral Fissure –

7. Sulci (groove) Gyri (ridge) Longitudinal Fissure Central Sulcus
Sylvian/Lateral Fissure
Transverse Fissure

8. Lobes of the Brain
There are four lobes: 1. 2. 3. 4.

9. 1. The Frontal Lobe The Frontal Lobe of the brain is located
It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions:

10. Features of the Frontal Lobe
Primary Motor Cortex (Precentral Gyrus) –controls movements of the body
Broca’s Area –
Broca’s Aphasia –
Olfactory Bulb -

11. Primary Motor Cortex/ Precentral Gyrus
Broca’s Area
Orbitofrontal Cortex
Olfactory Bulb

12. 2. The Parietal Lobe The Parietal Lobe of the brain is located
It plays a major role in the following functions/actions:

13. Features of the Parietal Lobe
Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Postcentral Gyrus) –
Somatosensory Association Cortex -
Primary Gustatory Cortex –

14. Primary Somatosensory Cortex/ Postcentral Gyrus
Somatosensory Association Cortex
Primary Gustatory Cortex

15. 3. Occipital Lobe
The Occipital Lobe of the Brain is located
Function:

16. Features of the Occipital Lobe
Primary Visual Cortex –
Visual Association Area –

17. Occipital Lobe
Primary Visual Cortex
Visual Association Area

18. 4. Temporal Lobe The Temporal Lobes are located
They play an integral role in the following functions:

19. Features of the Temporal Lobe
Primary Auditory Cortex –
Primary Olfactory Cortex –
Wernicke’s Area –
Wernicke’s Aphasia –

20. Primary Auditory Cortex
Wernike’s Area
Primary Olfactory Cortex (Deep)

21. Lobes and Structures of the BrainG. B. F. C. E. D.

22. Lobes and Structures of the Brain (answers)
Central Sulcus
Frontal Lobe
C. Sylvian/Lateral Fissure
D. Temporal Lobe
E. Transverse Fissure
F. Occipital Lobe
G. Parietal Lobe B.
A. (groove) G. F.
C. (groove) E.
(groove) D.

23. The Second part of the brain: Diencephalon
Made of three parts 1. 2. 3.

24. 1. Thalamus
“ “
Functions:

25. 2. Hypothalamus
Control center of
Functions:

26. 3. Epithalamus
Function:

27. The third part of the brain: Brainstem
The brainstem is the oldest, most primitive part of the brain
Consists of: 1. 2. 3.

28. The Medulla Oblongata
Most inferior portion, functions as a conduction pathway
Reflex centers for:

29. 2. The Pons
Superior to Medulla oblongata.
Functions:

30. 3. The Midbrain
Small section superior to the pons.
Functions:

31. Senses: The Eye
Accessory structures include

32. Conjunctiva
Transparent membrane that:
Function:

33. Lacrimal Apparatus Consists of the lacrimal gland & associated ducts
Lacrimal glands

34. Extrinsic Eye Muscles
Function:

35. Structure of the Eyeball
A slightly irregular hollow sphere with
The wall of the eyeball is composed of three tunics (or layers) –
The eyeball is filled with
The lens separates the eyeball into sections

36. Fibrous Tunic of the eye wall
Forms the outermost layer of the eye and is composed of:
Opaque sclera
Clear cornea

37. Vascular Tunic of the eye wall
Has three regions: 1. 2. 3.
1. Choroid region:
2. Ciliary Body region:
3. Iris region:

39. Retina tunic of the eye wall
A delicate two-layered membrane:
1. Pigmented layer –
2. Neural layer-

40. The rest of the retina is lined by photoreceptors:
Optic nerve
The optic disc:
The rest of the retina is lined by photoreceptors:
Rods:
Cones:

41. Adaptation to light change
Adaptation to bright light (going from dark to light) involves:
Adaptation to dark is the reverse

42. Inner Chambers & Fluids
Aqueous
Humor
The posterior segment is filled with a clear gel called vitreous humor that:
The anterior segment is filled with a clear liquid called Aqueous humor that:
Lens

43. Lens:

44. Myopic eye (nearsighted)
Hyperopic eye (farsighted)

45. Depth Perception
Achieved by both eyes viewing the same image from slightly different angles

46. The End