1. Police and Policing Class 1
CJS/SOC 220
Police and Policing
Class 1

2. Administrative Give quiz 5
Must read Mapp v. Ohio (Supreme Court, 1961) including all dissenting and concurring opinions for next class

3. Review Why we have police The development of law enforcement agencies
How people join and train for law enforcement
Discrimination in law enforcement
The impact of 911

4. Today Police Interaction with the Public Police and Evidence
Police, witnesses and suspects
Key Ideas from Today

5. I. Police Interactions with the Public
Who initiates most police contact with the public?
What is the most common situation in which police initiate contact?
Stops and Frisks and Searches
Probable Cause v. Reasonable Suspicion

6. II. Police and Evidence Standard for warrantless searches
Until 1960s what mattered was physical intrusion
Growth of technology enables law enforcement to gain personal data and information without physical trespass or intrusion
Katz v. United States (S.C. 1967)
Moved away from issue of physical intrusion to focus on “reasonable expectation of privacy”

7. II. Police and Evidence The Exclusionary Rule
How can police avoid this problem?
When are warrantless searches permitted?
Related to a lawful arrest
With voluntary consent
Evidence in plain view
Automobiles and their contents
Abandoned buildings and open fields

8. III. Police, Witnesses and Suspects
Identification and Interviews
Miranda Decision
Miranda Exceptions
Public Safety Exceptions
Refusal to take blood alcohol test can be evidence of guilt
Probation officers don’t have to provide Miranda warnings
Right to silence or to an attorney must be explicitly invoked
Impact of Mapp and Miranda

9. IV. Key Ideas from Today
No evidence that significant numbers of defendants are acquitted because of “technicalities”
Police can and do avoid most such problems by getting a warrant

10. Next Time Continue on Policing
Specifically our discussion of Mapp v. Ohio

11. Police and Policing Class 2
CJS/SOC 220
Police and Policing
Class 2

12. Administrative Return quizzes at the end of class
Has everyone read Mapp v. Ohio?
If you haven’t you have to leave class for today!
For next time you must read U.S. v. Russell (Supreme Court 1973) and all dissenting and concurring opinions

13. Review Police Interactions with the Public Police and Evidence
Police, Witnesses and Suspects

14. Today Structure of the Supreme Court Decisions of the Supreme Court
Analysis of a Case – Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Key Ideas from Today

15. I. Structure of the Supreme Court
How many members?
How do cases reach the court?
Writ of certio rari
What happens if the court declines to hear an appeal?
When is the court likely to want to hear an appeal?

16. II. Decisions of the Supreme Court
What is the decision of the court?
Who writes the decision of the court?
What is a dissenting opinion?
What is a concurring opinion?

17. III. Analysis of Mapp v. Ohio
What facts led to this case?
What did the court decide?

18. III. Analysis of Mapp v. Ohio
What was the effect on the criminal justice system
What did the dissent want to decide and why? How about the concurring opinions
What is the doctrine of stare decisis?

19. III. Analysis of Mapp v. Ohio
How would that have affected the criminal justice system?
Do you agree with the court? The dissenters? How about the concurring opinions? Why?

20. IV. Key Ideas from Today
Understanding the nature of Supreme Court decisions
Differences between decision of the court, concurring opinions and dissenting opinions

21. Next Time Continue on policing
Make absolutely sure that you read U.S. v. Russell or you will not be allowed to stay in class

22. Police and Policing Class 3
CJS/SOC 220
Police and Policing Class 3

23. Administrative Any questions about where we are or what we are doing?
If you are doing your Supreme Court case analysis on a case about police/law enforcement, it is due next week

24. Review Basic information about the Supreme Court and its decisions
Facts of Mapp v. Ohio
What the court decided
What the dissent would have decided
Any questions about Case Analysis Assignment?

25. Today Styles of Policing Police and Guns
Civilian Review of Police Actions
Federal Oversight
Analysis of U.S. v. Russell (1973)
Key Ideas from Today

26. I. Styles of Policing Watchman Style Legalistic Style Service Style
What is the primary focus of each?
What do you think of these?

27. I. Styles of Policing Disorder Policing – “Broken Windows”
Approach is to crack down on minor and lifestyle violations
Theory
Evidence
Community Policing
Approach is to embed police in the community and work closely with community groups

28. II. Police Use of Guns Do police rely too heavily on fire arms?
How effective are police when they use firearms?
Active shooter situations

29. III. Civilian Review of Police Actions
Many cities have established civilian review boards
Police departments range from critical to openly hostile and uncooperative. Why?

30. III. Civilian Review of Police Actions
Recent Syracuse experience – Syracuse Citizen Review Board
Chicago Experience

31. IV. Federal Oversight Previous Policy
Policy under Attorney General Sessions

32. V. Analysis of U.S. v. Russell
What facts led to this case?
What did the court decide?

33. V. Analysis of U.S. v. Russell
What was the effect on the criminal justice system
What did the dissent want to decide and why?

34. V. Analysis of U.S. v. Russell
How would that have affected the criminal justice system?
Do you agree with the court? The dissenters? Why?

35. VI. Key Ideas from Today Different styles of policing
Police use of guns very different from what we see on television and much less effective than portrayed
Police tend to strongly resist civilian oversight

36. Next Time
Continue with police and policing

37. Police and Policing
Class 4

38. Administrative Any questions about where we are or what we are doing?
Submitting Case Analyses

39. Review Styles of Policing
U.S. v. Russell (Supreme Court, 1973) and the issue of entrapment

40. Today Evaluation of Police Performance Police Corruption
Issues related to the use of force
Police brutality
Police Attitudes
Key Ideas from Today

41. I. Evaluation of Police Performance
How do we know if law enforcement agencies are doing a good job?
What measures might we use?
What do those measures tell us?
What don’t those measures tell us?
What are the strengths and weaknesses of each of those approaches?

42. II. Police Corruption Nature of Police Corruption
Alternative Explanations of Police Corruption
Why is corruption so hard to prevent?

43. III. Issues Related to the Use of Force
Police no longer permitted to kill suspects merely because they flee
Racial pattern of police shooting
Less-lethal weapons

44. III. Issues Related to the Use of Force
Police officers feloniously killed
Data on people killed or wounded by the police
Police shooting and crime

45. IV. Police Brutality What do data show?
Supreme Court – Graham v. Connor (1989)
Civilian Review Boards
Public Concern

46. V. Police Attitudes
It is clear that police seem to have certain kinds of attitudes. What might some of those be?
Is the existence of common attitudes among police because certain types of people are drawn to police work or because people who work as police develop certain kinds of common attitudes?
What factors about police work give rise to these common attitudes?

47. V. Attitudes of and About Police
Concerns about racial profiling
What do studies show?
Evidence of profiling inconclusive
Clear evidence that attitudes of public toward police interactions vary by race, gender and age

48. VI. Key Ideas from Today
Difficult to evaluate police performance because the tasks are so varied and complex
Culture of silence makes it very difficult to address police corruption
We express much more concern with officers killed than with the people they kill
Police attitudes and culture mostly develop on the job

49. Next Time
We begin the unit on courts and trials