1. Tuesday, November 12
What is the definition of motivation? What are some characteristics of motivated behavior?
List some Biological Needs.
List some Social and/or Psychological Needs.
Are there any biological needs that can also be psychological needs?
Today’s Topic: Test and Theories of Motivation
Upcoming Dates:
Tonight’s HW
Read pages
Theories of Motivation
Start New Terms
Test:
Wednesday, 11/29

2. Motivation
AP Psych
Myers, Unit 8A

3. Motivation a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Aron Ralston – cut off own arm while trapped in canyon (127 Hours)
What factors motivated him to do this?
4 theories of motivation

4. Wednesday, November 15 List some Biological Needs.
Objective: Identify and explain the different theories of motivation
List some Biological Needs.
List some Social and/or Psychological Needs.
Are there any biological needs that can also be psychological needs?
Name one thing that you have been unmotivated to do. Why do you think you were unmotivated?
Can you think of one thing that you would love to accomplish in the next 10 years that would require a lot of motivation?
Today’s Topic: Theories of Motivation
Upcoming Dates:
Tonight’s HW
Read pages
Start New Terms
Test:
Wednesday, 11/29

5. If you were hungry or lonely, which would you satisfy first?
Biological Needs
Social/Psychological Needs

6. Instinct Theory (Evolutionary)
Behaviors are motivated by instincts
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Genes predispose species-typical behavior
Rooting reflex
Fight/flight
Reproduction

7. Drive-Reduction Theory and Incentive Theory
Idea that physiological needs creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates (pushes) an organism to satisfy the need.
Desire to maintain homeostasis
Constant, balanced internal state
Incentive Theory (remember rewards?)
Pushed by needs, pulled by incentives
Environmental stimuli that motivate behavior
For each motive we can ask, “How is it pushed by inborn physiological needs and pulled by incentives in the environment?”

8. Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Prioritized pyramid of human needs
beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
Not universal set but a basic framework for motivation

9. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

10. Optimum Arousal Theory
Too little or too much stimulation can motivate people to find an optimum state of arousal
Ex: curiosity-driven behaviors
Alex Honnold
Wing Suits

11. 60 Minutes: Going to Extremes.
What are the extrinsic motivators for Alex/Wingsuits?
What are the intrinsic motivators for Alex/Wingsuits?
Do you think the scenario reflects mostly extrinsic or intrinsic motivation?

12. Warm-up: Identify the following theories of motivation:
Evolutionary Theory
Drive-Reduction Theory
Optimal Arousal Theory

13. Thursday, November 16
Objective: Discuss the physiological, psychological, and situational influences on hunger.
What was the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations of Mark Retzen (the Sharkman)?
Identify the following theories of motivation:
Incentive Theory
Drive-Reduction Theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Optimal Arousal Theory
Today’s Topic: Hunger
Upcoming Dates:
Tonight’s HW
Read pages
Terms
Test:
Wednesday, 11/29

14. Protocol Directions:
After the questions is presented, you will have 2 minutes to silently write down notes to prepare.
Group member #1 will have 90 seconds to speak (if you are done speaking, just sit there in silence). Afterwards, the other two group members and the original speaker can then all contribute for 2-3 minutes.
Continue with the next question and process starting with group member #2.
Continue with the next question and process starting with group member #3.

15. Microlabs Protocol: Motivation
How could people use knowledge and theories of motivation in schools to help students and optimize student performance?
How could people use knowledge and theories of motivation in the workplace to help with worker satisfaction and productivity?
How could people use knowledge and theories of motivation in the workplace to focus on hiring the right people and developing them to optimize worker performance?

16. Debrief
How did this go for you? What worked well, and what was difficult? Why?
How did the silence feel? Why do you think it felt that way?
How might the conversations have been different had we not used this method?
What are the advantages/disadvantages of using this activity?

17. Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychology
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Personnel psychology – a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal and development
Organizational psychology – a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change

18. HUNGER “Hunger is the most urgent form of poverty.”
– Alliance to End Hunger, 2002

19. Starving for Science – Ancel Keys
Describe the impact of starvation both physiologically and psychologically.

20. Starving for Science Ancel Keys (1950) 36 male volunteers
Fed half of the required food to maintain weight for 6 months
Conservation of energy
Rapid weight loss to 25% below starting weight
Obsession with food
Lost interest in anything that was not food

21. The Physiology of Hunger
Cannon and Washburn (1912)
swallowed a balloon to measure stomach contractions
found that the stomach contracts when the body feels hunger pangs
Hunger can persist even without a stomach… what else triggers hunger?

22. Biological - Body Chemistry and the Brain
Glucose
Blood sugar that provides the major source of energy to body tissues
When low, we feel hunger
Monitored in the brain
Appetite hormones
Insulin – regulates glucose
Ghrelin – hunger producing
PYY – hunger decreasing
Leptin – metabolism increasing
Orexin

23. Body Chemistry and the Brain
Hypothalamus largely controls and monitors hunger
Lateral hypothalamus – brings hunger by producing the hormone orexin when glucose levels drop
Lower mid-hypothalamus (ventromedial) – depresses hunger

24. http://bcs. worthpublishers

25. Body Chemistry and the Brain
Set point
the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set; predisposed by heredity
Basal metabolic rate
the body’s resting rate of energy exposure
Less food intake – lower
More food intake – higher

26. The Psychology of Hunger
We remember our last meal and anticipate our next.
Studies done with amnesiac patients
Taste preferences
Genetic and universal for sweet and salty
Conditioned
Cultural traditions
Naturally avoid unfamiliar foods (evolutionary)
Adaptive

27. Eating Disorders
What are the two types of eating disorders? Briefly describe them.
What are some possible causes for eating disorders?

28. Eating Disorders
When psychological factors take precedence over physiological needs and homeostatic pressures
Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder in which a normal-weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.
Bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.

29. Eating Disorders Possible causes for eating disorders Nurture Nature
Familial traditions of weight emphasis, competition, and achievement
Unrealistic idea of ideal gender identities
Cultural expectations across time  poor body images
Media – fashion, ads, toys, supermodels, celebrities
Nature
Genetics – identical twins are more likely than fraternal twins or siblings to share an eating disorder