1. Physical Science Notebook
Unit 1: Intro to Matter
Name _____________________

2. Table of Contents: Matter
Description Page #
Section 1: Composition of Matter
Composition of Matter Notes 1
Matter Concept Map 2
Section 2: Types of Matter (Mixtures)
Types of Matter (Mixture notes) 3
Mixture Mart 4
Section 3: Describing Matter
Describing Matter Notes 6
Newspaper Template 7
Section 4: States of Matter
States of Matter Notes 9
Matter in a Jar Illustrative Examples 10
Section 5: Changes in States of Matter
Changes in States Notes 11
Match book (how does matter change?) 12
Section 6: Fluids: Behaviors of Liquids and Gases
Fluids: Behavior of Liquids and Gases Notes 13
Under Pressure Student Recording Sheet 14

3. Intro to Matter 1 COMPOSITION OF MATTER
Question: What’s the difference between substances and mixtures?
COMPOSITION OF MATTER
Substance - type of matter with a fixed composition that cannot be separated by physical means
Element - substance made up of atoms with same identity
 Examples: gold, helium, aluminum
Compound - atoms of two or more elements combined
 Examples: water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2)
Mixture - materials made of two or more substances that can separated by physical means
Heterogeneous - mixture in which different materials can be easily distinguished
 Examples: Pizza, Fruit salad, Granite
Homogeneous - mixture in which two or more substances are uniformly spread out
 Examples: Vinegar, Salt water
Intro to Matter 1

4. Composition of Matter Directions:
Sort the ideas into a concept map that shows how matter is divided into different categories.
Google search pictures that show an example of the following terms--compound, element, heterogeneous, homogeneous.
Matter
Element
Has mass and
One type of atom
takes up space
Compound
Two or more types of atoms
Substance
Heterogeneous
Materials are mixed unevenly
Fixed
composition
Mixture
Homogeneous
Materials are mixed evenly
Varied
composition
Intro to Matter 2

5. Intro to Matter 3 TYPES OF MATTER
Question: How can you determine which type of mixture something is?
TYPES OF MATTER
Solution - homogeneous mixture of particles so small that they cannot even be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container.
Examples: Vinegar, Soda (unopened), and Hydrogen Peroxide.
Colloid - type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solution, but still too light to settle out.
Examples: Milk (Water & Fat), Fog (Water & Air), Cool Whip
# Detecting colloids is sometimes difficult so shining a beam of light at colloid will make the light scatter - this scattering of light by a colloid is called the Tyndall Effect.
Suspension - heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle.
Examples: Italian dressing, muddy pond water, chocolate milk.
* HINT: If it needs shaking to mix, then it’s a suspension
Intro to Matter 3

6. Mixture Mart Intro to Matter 4
Directions: Your grandma needs some things at the store, but the isles at the store
are labeled: SOLUTIONS, COLLOIDS, and SUSPENSIONS. Cut out the items she needs
and glue them in the proper aisle of the Mixture Mart so she knows where to find the items. When finished, paste the Mixture Mart page into your Science Interactive Notebook.
Intro to Matter 4

7. Intro to Matter 5 Your friendly neighborhood grocery shop!! Page |
Est. 2013 9
AISLE 1
AISLE 2
AISLE 3
SOLUTIONS
COLLOIDS
SUSPENSIONS
Intro to Matter 5
©Erica L Colón 2013

8. Intro to Matter 6 DESCRIBING MATTER
Question: When water evaporates, is that a physical or chemical change? Why?
DESCRIBING MATTER
Physical Property - characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the substance
Examples: color, size, shape, density, melting point, boiling point
Chemical Property - characteristic of a substance that
Indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change
Examples: flammable, combustible, may react to light
Physical Change - a change in size, shape or state of matter; substance DOES NOT change identity when it undergoes physical change
Examples: melting ice, cutting paper, breaking glass
Chemical Change - a change in one substance to another substance
Examples: fireworks explode, rusting metal
The Law of Conservation of Mass
- says that the mass of ALL substances present before a chemical change equals mass of ALL substances after the change.
Intro to Matter 6

9. Section 3: Describing Matter
Instruction: Extra! Extra! Read All About it!
Students need to find the next big story on “Changes” when they write the headlining columns for their news-site. For this assignment, students will need to write about three different examples they see of either Physical or Chemical changes happening around them. In addition to the three columns, they will also need to illustrate a comic strip, also showing either a physical or chemical change. Students need to find four examples, two examples of PC and two of CC. The following includes the Newspaper template along with a mini-quiz.
Intro to Matter 7

10. Title: Intro to Matter 8 Title Title Comic Strip: Weather:
Cost of Paper: $
Name of News Website
Editor’s Name
Title:
Title
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Title
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Comic Strip:
Intro to Matter 8
©Erica L Colón 2013

11. Intro to Matter 9 States of Matter
Question: How are temperature and kinetic energy related?
States of Matter
Matter - anything that has mass and takes up space.
Kinetic theory - explains how particles in matter behave  All matter is composed of particles
 Particles are in constant, random motion
 Particles collide with each other and walls of their container
STATES OF MATTER
STATE
CHARACTERISTICS
PARTICLES
SOLID
Definite shape and
Closely packed in
definite volume
geometric arrangement
LIQUID
Indefinite shape and
have more space and
definite volume
Slide pass each other
GAS
Indefinite shape and
have energy to spread
indefinite volume
out evenly in container
PLASMA
High temperature
Positively and negatively
gas
charged
The state of a sample of matter depends on temperature
Temperature - related to the average kinetic energy of an object when the temperature increases and
contracts when cooled.
# Exception to Rule: Water when cooled it expands
Intro to Matter 9

12. States of Matter in a “Jar”
Intro to Matter 10

13. Intro to Matter 11 CHANGES IN STATES OF MATTER
Question: Why is the grass wet in the morning when it didn’t rain the night before?
CHANGES IN STATES OF MATTER
MELTING: FROM SOLID TO LIQUID
Melting - change from a solid state to a liquid state Melting point - temperature at which a solid melts
FREEZING: FROM LIQUID TO SOLID
Freezing - change from a liquid state to a solid state Freezing point - temperature at which a liquid freezes
VAPORIZATION: FROM LIQUID TO GAS
Vaporization - change from a liquid state to a gaseous state Boiling point - temperature at which liquid begins to vaporize
* Evaporation - can occur at surface of liquid without heating liquid (i.e. eventually a cup of water will
evaporate if left Unattended)
CONDENSATION: FROM GAS TO LIQUID
Condensation - change from a gaseous state to a liquid state Condensation point - temperature at which a gas condenses
MELTING
VAPORAZATION
ICE
FREEZING
CONDENSATION
CLOUD
WATER
Intro to Matter 11

14. Changes in States of Matter
DIRECTIONS: Complete the diagram below to explain how matter changes state.
Liquid
Gas
Cold
Liquid
Heat
Cold
Evaporation
Condensation
Freezing
Solid
Melting
Heat
Intro to Matter 12

15. Intro to Matter 13 FLUIDS - BEHAVIOR OF LIQUIDS AND GASES
Question: Why do some objects sink and others float in water?
FLUIDS - BEHAVIOR OF LIQUIDS AND GASES
Fluid - anything that flows - gas or liquid
Buoyancy - the ability of a fluid (liquid or gas) to exert an
upward force on an object immersed in it - this is called Buoyant Force
Archimedes principle - the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of fluid it displaced by the object
The boat displaces enough water to equal weight of boat, therefor it floats.
Pascal’s principle - pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid
Ex. squeezing the end of a tube of toothpaste
Bernouilli’s principle - as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases
Ex. the design of an airplane wing
Boyle’s Law - as the volume of the gas decreases, the
pressure of a gas increases, provided the temperature does not change. Ex. weather balloon
Charles’ Law - as temperature increases, the volume increases, provided pressure remains constant.
Ex. Hotair balloon
Pressure - Temperature Relationship - as temperature
increases, the pressure increases, provided the volume does not change. Ex. popping popcorn
Intro to Matter 13

16. Under Pressure
Directions: Watch the following demonstrations by your teacher then determine which Law or Principle was represented by writing your explanation below. In addition to the explanation, draw what you observed, labeling the drawing as necessary.
Principle/Law
Explanation
Drawing
Pascal’s Principle
Boyle’s Law
Charles’ Law
Intro to Matter 14