1. Chapter 1
Sections 3-4
Standard 10.1

2. A Migrating People Foundation of Israelite nation
Abraham in 2000 BC migrated with his family to Canaan.
Famine forced Israelites to migrate to Egypt
400 yrs in Egypt
Lived as slaves
Moses led people to exodus, or escape, from Egypt
Went back to Canaan

3. The Kingdom of Israel 1000 BC create kingdom, Israel, in Canaan.
Solomon won fame for wisdom and understanding
Also influenced negotiating with powerful empires in Egypt and Mesopotamia

4. Division and Conquest
Solomon’s building projects raised taxes and forced labor
922BC he dies
Kingdom splits into Israel in the North and Judah in the South
Many defeats
722BC Assyrians invade Israel and win
586 BC Babylonians conquer Assyrians and take over
Ruthless King, Nebuchadnezzar, destroyed the great temple and forced Israelites to exile.
Persians conquer Babylonians and frees Israelites from captivity
Return to Judea
Become known as Jews
Continued to live under Persian Rule

5. God’s Covenant With the Israelites
One God
Monotheistic: believe in one God (one supreme God)
Prayed to God to save them from their enemies.
The Chosen People
Covenant, or promise, with Abraham and his descendants:
Protect and provide a homeland
Promised land: Canaan
To be part of covenant thought had to remain faithful and obedient to God
Saw themselves as God’s “chosen people”
The Torah (most sacred text)
Record of Gods teachings
5 books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy
Sets a strict moral standard for Jews to follow
Oral Torah: discussions by Jewish scholars and rabbis that adapt the Torah to changing circumstances

6. Teachings on Law and Morality
The Ten Commandments
10 basic moral laws
First 4 stress religious duties of the individual towards God
The rest rules for individual conduct toward other people
Moses became “lawgiver”
The Seven Universal Laws
Laws for all people not just Jews
Commands people to establish courts to enforce laws
Backed basic human rights

7. Teachings on Law and Morality
An Ethical Worldview
Although expected to follow God’s law they has the freedom to make individual moral choices
Thought periods of widespread disobedience led to tragic historical events
Jews saw their leaders as humans rather than as ruler as a god.
This helped lead to a democratic concept: the rule of law

8. The Scattering of the Jews
Diaspora (dy AS pur uh): scattering of the Jews
When captivity ended some went to Canaan, other stated in Babylon, and others migrated elsewhere in the Middle Eat and Mediterranean regions.
100s BC Rome took over and influenced some Jews
2 groups clashed
Christianity developed under followers of Jesus
62BC Rome destroys Jewish temple in Jerusalem

9. Jesus of Nazareth Early Life Ministry Born in 4BC to Mary and Joseph
Descendent of King David of Israel
Mary claimed he was the messiah, savior sent by God to lead Jews to freedom
Jesus worshipped God and followed Jewish law
He was a carpenter like his father
Ministry
Preached in Galilee and Judea with his apostles (from Greek meaning, “a person sent forth”)
Performed miracles
Used parables, or short stories with a simple moral lesson, to communicate ideas
After 3 years went to Jerusalem

10. Jesus of Nazareth The Message Teachings rooted in Jewish tradition
Taught obedience to God’s laws and defended teaching of Jewish prophets
Preached new beliefs
Referred to himself as the son of God
Made traditional Jews angry
Said his mission was to bring spiritual salvation and eternal life to anyone who would believe in him
Emphasized Gods love and taught need for justice, morality, and service to others
Death on the Cross
Jewish Priest saw Jesus as a troublemaker
One disciple betrayed Jesus and led armed men to capture him
He was crucified
Crucifixion was a Roman method for executing criminals, a person was nailed or hung on the cross and left to die
Video

11. Christianity Spreads Work of Paul A New Covenant Persecution
Jesus’ apostles and disciples spread his teachings
Paul began to share Jesus’ teaching with Gentiles, or non-Jews.
This helped separate Christianity from Judaism
Spread Christianity from Jerusalem to Rome
A New Covenant
New Testament seen as a new covenant with God and faith in Jesus replaced strict observance of the laws as the way to fulfill the covenant
Persecution
Rome suspected Jews and Christians as disloyal to Rome
They would not make sacrifices to the Emperor
Did not honor their gods
When Rome was in trouble their leaders blamed Christians for the social or economic ills
Christians became martyrs, people who suffer or die for their beliefs

12. Christianity Spreads Reasons for Christianity’s Appeal
Christianity still spread despite attacks
People found welcoming of all backgrounds and promise of a better life beyond the grave brought in more believers
Paul added ideas from Plato, the Stoics, and other Greek thinkers
AD 313 Persecution of Christians ended
Edict of Milan
Emperor Constantine granted freedom of worship to all citizens of the Roman empire

13. The Christian Church The Early Communities
Joined Christianity through renouncing evil through sacrament, or holy ceremony, of baptism.
Saw this as washing away of their sins
Saw all members as brothers and sisters
Teachers served as teachers and administrators
Hierarchy in the church:
Clergy: people authorized to perform religious ceremonies
Priests: Under the authority of a Bishop
Bishop: Church official responsible for all Christians in one area. Traced their spiritual authority to apostles and Jesus
Patriarchs: controlled other bishops in their region
Pope: Patriarch of Rom, claimed authority for all

14. The Christian Church The Medieval Church
1054 Christian church broke in 2
Eastern church: Orthodox Church
Church of Russia, Greece, Bulgaria, and Romania
Rejected authority of Pope in the west
Western church: Roman Catholic Church
Headed by pope
Believed all people were sinners and were doomed to eternal suffering
Only way to avoid hell is through Jesus and participation of sacraments
Had significant control over European society
Had body of church laws and courts to judge those who disobeyed the laws

15. The Christian Church Spread of Learning Philosophy
1100’s schools created to train clergy
Translated Greek works spread across the world in 1200’s
Revolution in the world of learning
Philosophy
1300’s Thomas Aquinas studied Christianity and Aristotle
Found: Faith and reason existed in harmony
Brought together Christian faith and classical Greek philosophy

16. The Judeo-Christian Tradition
Muslims, Jews and Christians all honor Abraham, Moses, and the prophets.
All teach the ethical worldview
All are monotheistic
Judeo-Christian:
Shared heritage
Cultural foundation of the Western civilizations
Played a central role in the development of democratic tradition