1. Chesapeake Bay: US Coast Guard

2. The Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Chesapeake Bay Watershed: US Department of Agriculture

3. Largest estuary in the United States
Land and Ocean Meet
Protected
High Nutrients
One of the most productive ecosystem in world!
Bay Map: NASA
Largest estuary in the United States

4. No other American estuary has a higher yield
Fishing Industry of:
No other American estuary has a higher yield
Blue Crab
Oysters
Striped Bass
Clams
Blue Crab: The Children's Museum of Indianapolis
Oyster: David Monniaux
Striped Bass: Mike Smedley
Clam: Aung/Wikipedia

5. Direct students to notice the green areas in the water
Direct students to notice the green areas in the water. You can explain that these are large areas where algae is quickly growing (algal blooms). Ask
Map: NASA
The Bay Is Not Healthy

6. Nutrient Pollution Causes Algal Blooms and Fish Kills
Algal Blooms: Jennifer L. Graham/US Geological Survey
Nutrient Pollution Causes Algal Blooms and Fish Kills

7. Nutrients, Algae and Fish Kills
Dead zones appear in the bay where nothing can live
Low dissolved oxygen in the water kills fish and other organisms
Microbes use the oxygen in the water
Detritus is decomposed by microbes, microbe populations boom.
Algae die and become detritus (decaying matter)
Adding nutrients causes algal blooms
In normal ecosystem low nutrient levels keep algae in check
Dead Fish: US Geological Survey
Fish kill caused by nutrient build-up, Nanticoke River, Chesapeake Bay, 1992

8. What causes the excess nutrients?
Rivers and tributaries are bringing the nutrients to the Chesapeake Bay:
Sewage
Farming
Factory farms discharge 650 million lbs of chicken manure each year
Hog Farm Waste: USDA
Chickens: SRAP
Pigs: Farm Sanctuary

9. Have people played a role in changing the ecosystem to make it more vulnerable to algal blooms and dead zones?
Longshoreman Atlantic City: Isabella & Carroll Walker Collection/The Norfolk Public Library

10. To Investigate this question you will:
Analyze historic and modern day food webs
Chart trends in harvesting and ocean health using real data on the Chesapeake Bay
Draw conclusions from your analyses and make recommendations for restoring Chesapeake Bay ecosystems
Watch a short film about the Chesapeake Bay and discuss your seafood consumption choices

11. Chesapeake Bay Food Web Before Large Scale Fishing
Strong
Interaction
Weak
Tertiary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Consumers
Producers
Decomposers
Abundant
Rare
Detritus
Extinct
Seals
Sharks
Whales- toothed &
baleen
Alligators
Sea
Turtles
Birds
Grazing
Fish
Predatory Fish
jellyfish
Predatory Invertebrates
Manatees
Oysters
worms/
amphipods
Zooplankton
floating
algae
microbes
detritus/decaying matter/nutrients
Sea Grass
Sea Floor Plants

12. Image Credits
Chesapeake Bay: US Coast Guard
Chesapeake Bay Watershed: US Department of Agriculture
Chesapeake Bay Map: NASA
Blue Crab: The Children's Museum of Indianapolis Oyster: David Monniaux Striped Bass: Mike Smedley Clam: Aung/Wikipedia
Map: NASA
Algal Blooms: Jennifer L. Graham/US Geological Survey
Dead Fish: US Geological Survey
Hog Farm Waste: USDA Chickens: SRAP Pigs: Farm Sanctuary
Longshoreman Atlantic City: Isabella & Carroll Walker Collection/The Norfolk Public Library