1. The Five Senses

2. The Sense of Touch =

3. The skin allows us to have the sense of touch=

4. What are the FUNCTIONS
of the SKIN?

5. Protects the body from infection, injury, and water loss.
Protection
Protects the body from infection, injury, and water loss.

6. Maintains body Temperature
helps us regulate body temperature through perspiration.
Without the nerve cells in our skin, we couldn't feel warmth, cold, or other sensations.
Sweat- Cools off the body
Goosebumps- keep the heat in.

7. Sense of Touch
The nerve endings in your skin can tell you if something is hot, cold, smooth or rough . They can also feel if something is hurting you. Your body has about twenty different types of nerve endings that all send messages to your brain.

8. What are the three layers
of the SKIN?

9. Epidermis outer layer of our skin,
It is the tough, protective outer layer.
It is about as thick as a sheet of paper over most parts of the body.
Constantly flaking off and being renewed

10. Dermis Middle layer of skin The dermis contains….
Nerve endings-how things feel
Blood vessels- carry blood
Oil glands- Produce Sebum
Sweat glands- produce sweat

11. Subcutaneous Bottom layer made mostly of fat helps your body stay warm
absorb shocks
Each hair on your body grows out of a tiny tube in the skin called a follicle
Every follicle has its roots way down in the subcutaneous layer and continues up through the dermis.

12. The Skin 1. Epidermis 4. Oil Gland 2. Dermis 5. Sweat Gland Nerves 7.
6. Hair
3. Subcutaneous
Blood Vessels 8.
Fat Cells 9.

13. Check your Worksheet

14. What parts of the body give us our sense of taste?
The Sense of Taste
Tongue
Brain
Nose

15. many grooves on the surface
The Tongue
- Tongue is the sense organ that detects flavor.
many grooves on the surface
- Inside the grooves there are many taste buds which are taste receptors.

16. Microscopic view of taste buds (x100)
Magnified
Papillae
taste bud
Microscopic view of taste buds (x100)
sensory cell
food
brain

17. What are the three functions of the tongue?
The Sense of Taste
What are the three functions of the tongue?
Eat
The tongue moves and pushes a small bit of food along with saliva into your esophagus, which is a food pipe that leads from your throat to your stomach.
Speech
Taste
The top of your tongue is covered with a layer of bumps called papillae
. Papillae help grip food and move it around while you chew.
They contain your taste buds, so you can taste everything.

18. Process to taste food
Flavoring chemicals in food dissolve in the saliva
Stimulates the taste buds to send messages to the brain.
Messages are sent to the brain to give us the taste of the food
sensory cell
chemicals in food

19. Humans have four kinds of taste buds.
They can detect four kinds of tastes: sweet, sour, salty and bitter.
- Each kind of taste buds is not evenly distributed on the tongue. Thus, certain parts of the tongue are more sensitive to a particular taste than the others.
bitter
sour
salty
sweet

20. Areas of Taste on the Tongue
The Sense of Taste
Areas of Taste on the Tongue

21. What parts of the body give us our sense of Smell?
The Sense of Smell
Nose
Brain

22. How do we smell ? Nose is the sense organ that detects smell.
There are millions of smell receptors inside our nose.
nasal cavity

23. What are the functions of the Nose?
The Sense of Smell
Smell
Breathe
Taste

24. Magnify sensory cell Brain nerve nasal cavity mucus lining inside
chemicals in food

25. Some chemicals in the food diffuse into the air.
Process to smell food
When we breathe, some chemicals enter our nose
=> chemicals dissolve in the mucus
=> stimulate the smell receptors to produce messages
=> These messages are sent to the brain to give us the odor of the food.
Some chemicals in the food diffuse into the air.

26. Holding your nose can help take away unpleasant taste of food.
We use both smell and taste to detect the flavor of food.
Holding your nose can help take away unpleasant taste of food.

27. Do you know ? Why do warm foods have stronger flavor than cold foods?
This is because when food is heated, more chemicals in food diffuse into the air.

28. Some medicine is unpleasant to take.
You can hold your nose while taking the medicine. This helps take away the unpleasant feeling.

29. Our tongue can only distinguish about 4 different tastes
Our tongue can only distinguish about 4 different tastes. But our nose can distinguish about different chemicals.
Our nose can tell us not only the sweet taste of ice-cream, but also whether it is chocolate flavour or not.
Thus, when our nose is also used to sense the food, the food ‘tastes’ better.

30. Why do the elders like to take in food with strong flavor?
Do you know ?
Why do the elders like to take in food with strong flavor?
It’s too salty!

31. This is because the senses of smell and taste of the elders are weaker.
Food with strong flavor tastes good to the elders.

32. What parts of the body give us our sense of Hearing?
Brain
The Sense of Hearing

33. What are the three functions of the Ear?
Hearing
Balance
The Sense of Hearing

34. Structures of the ear The OUTER EAR
________________: (pinna) Collects sound waves
________________: sound waves pass through to the ear drum.
Ear Lobe
Ear Canal

35. Structures of the ear Ear Drum Ossicles The MIDDLE EAR
________________: thin membrane that vibrates( stretched across the ear canal)
________________: three small bones which help carry the sound waves (hammer, anvil, and stirrup)
Ear Drum
Ossicles

36. Structures of the ear
The Inner EAR
________________: coiled tube in the inner ear (snail shaped) filled with liquid and hair like cells.
________________: three small tubes in the inner ear which control your balance
________________: carries impulses from the ear to the brain
Cochlea
Semicircular Canal
Auditory Nerve

37. How does it all work?
____________________ are collected in the outer ear.
Sound waves pass through our _________________ and cause our ear drum to vibrate.
These _________________________ are sent to our inner ear by the ossicles. (small bones in the middle ear)
The vibrations reach the ______________________. The fluid in the cochlea begins to move, this motion results in the hair cells sending a signal along the auditory nerve to the brain.
Our __________________ receives these impulses and interprets them as a type of sound.
Sound Waves
Ear Canal
Vibrations
Cochlea
Brain

38. Ear Problems Infections Audiologist
____________________ in the middle ear are the most common ear problems. Germs from colds in the nose or throat can spread through the Eustachian tube in the middle and inner ear.
Hearing loss and deafness- This can result from injury, disease, birth defects, and very loud noises.
___________________________: is someone who is specially trained to test and help with the problems related to hearing loss.
Audiologist

39. What parts of the body give us our sense of Sight?
The Sense of Sight
Eye
Brain

40. What is the function of the Eye?
Sight
The Sense of Sight

41. Structures of the eye
Cornea
Optic Nerve
________________: Transparent coating which covers the iris and the pupil at the front of the eye.
________________: The colored part of the eye that regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
Cornea
Iris

42. Structures of the eye Pupil Lens
Optic Nerve
Cornea
Optic Nerve
________________: The opening at the center of the iris.(hole)
________________: A clear part of the eye behind the iris that helps to focus light, or an image on the retina
Pupil
Lens

43. Structures of the eye Retina Optic Nerve
Cornea
________________: The light-sensitive tissue lining at the back of the eye. The retina converts light into electrical impulses that are sent to the brain through the optic nerve)
________________: A bundle of more than one million nerve fibers that carries visual messages from the retina to the brain.
Retina
Optic Nerve

44. How does it all work?
____________________ bounce off an object you are looking at.
Light then enters through the outer part of the eye, called the ___________________.
Next, light rays go through an opening called the _____________.
Light passes through the lens on its way to the back of the eye.
The retina sees the world upside down, but the ___________ turns it right side up.
When you look at an object, each eye sees a slightly different picture. The brain combines the images into one picture.
Light Rays
Cornea
Pupil
Brain

45. Eye Problems Pinkeye Nearsighted Farsighted Astigmatism
____________________ It can cause redness, itching, inflammation or swelling, and a clear or white, yellow, or greenish gooey liquid to collect in the eyes.
____________________ someone can see stuff that's near, like a book, but has trouble seeing stuff that's far away.
____________________ someone can see stuff that's far away, but has trouble seeing up close, like reading the print in a book.
____________________ A misshaped cornea or lens causing objects to look blurry
Pinkeye
Nearsighted
Farsighted
Astigmatism

46. Eye Care
Visiting an ____________________ (a medical doctor who specializes in examining, diagnosing, and treating eyes)at least every 2 years
Wearing sunglasses
Wearing protective eyewear whenever you play sports
Take breaks from the computer, video games, or watching TV
staring for a long time — can strain your eyes.
Never share eye glasses or eye care products
ophthalmologist