1. Livelihood & Economy Primary Sector: Issues & Trends

2. Irrigation Environmental Issues Salt Disease Chemicals Waterlogging
Mitigation: proper chemical disposal

3. Environmental Issues Desertification Overfarming/grazing
Water erodes soil
Arid Regions, esp. in
Africa

4. Desertification, cont. Mitigation: vegetative Cover, H20 management
Reintroduce nutrients
Ways to reduce Soil Erosion
Terracing: less water erosion
Fallowing: regeneration
Crop Rotation: efficiency and vegetative cover

5. Environmental Issues Soil Degradation (More chemical than erosion)
Decline in soil quality=improper use
Issues
Loss of organic matter; less productive
Effects of toxic chemicals and pollutants
Mitigation
Reintroduce nutrients

6. Deforestation Environmental Issues CO2 Levels Hurts plants & animals
Conservation/Mitigation
Remove some, not all
Replant/Reforestation

7. Environmental Issues Wetland Destruction
Wetlands protect various species and can even store storm water, preventing floods
Drained for agricultural or urban use
Hurts wildlife
Conservation/Mitigation
Restoration via flooding

8. Environmental Issues Reduction in Biodiversity
GMOs=a few crops; variety is lost
Aquaculture
Global demand; limited number
Specialization
Too much water used for irrigation
Deforestation
Wetland depletion
Overgrazing
Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc.

9. Environmental Issues
River & Aquifer Depletion
Too much used for agri.

10. Why do you think
Certain areas deplete
More groundwater
Than others.

11. Environmental Issues Animal Wastes, Fertilizers, Pesticides Pollutes
Contaminates

12. Why do you think
That these regions are
More at risk for
pesticide
Contamination?

13. Sustainability Sustainability
Farming w/o negatively affecting humans or the environment
Benefits
Less fertilizers & pesticides
Crop rotation
Less antibiotics
Manage animal waste
Treat animals well

14. Debates
Environmental
Health
Cultural

15. Debates
GMOs
Biotechnology

16. Organic Farming Debates Anti-Green Rev. No GMOs Expensive
Limited Supply
Possibly contaminated w/o antibiotics
Manure, Animal illnesses

18. Aquaculture Breeding fish Fastest growing agri. industry Issues
GMOs mating w/ non-GMOs (note that only some are GMO)
Chemical and waste pollution
Alien (non-native) species escaping
Bigger fish eating smaller ones
Mitigation
Restocking farmed fish into the wild

19. What are some
Environmental
Dangers that you see
In the picture?

20. Food-Choice
Determines:
Production
Consumption

21. Food-Choice Organic Value-Added Specialty Crops/Food:
Some are willing to spend more $ on natural foods
Value-Added Specialty Crops/Food:
Changing a food item to add value
Strawberries Jam
Wheat Flour
Goat Milk Soap

22. Food-Choice Fair Trade Developing countries must meet certain criteria
No child labor
No GMOs
Fair prices
No hazardous chemicals
Get fair wages and money for community development
Consumers purchase makes a difference

23. Fair Trade Villages get developed, people are
Treated better, less health and
environmental
Issues.

24. Food Choice Local-Food Movements Freshness Helps the local economy
Know where the food
comes from

25. Food-Processing Facilities
Markets
Best location for consumption?
Economies of Scale
Where can it be mass-produced?
Transportation
Does the area have a good transportation infrastructure?
Government Policies
FDA regulations

26. Eliminating adulterated (contaminated) foods Proper labeling
Food Process., cont.
Sanitation
Storage
Eliminating adulterated
(contaminated) foods
Proper labeling