1. The
Industrial
Revolution

2. Today’s Standard
10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.
1. Analyze why England was the first
country to industrialize.
2. Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (e.g., the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison).

3. Late 18c: French Economic Advantages
Napoleonic Code.
French communal law.
Free contracts
Open markets
Uniform & clear commercial regulations
Standards weights & measures.
Established technical schools.
The government encouraged & honored inventors & inventions.
Bank of France  European model providing a reliable currency.

4. French Economic Disadvantages
Years of war
Supported the American Revolution.
French Revolution.
Early 19c  Napoleonic Wars
Heavy debts.
High unemployment  soldiers returning from the battlefronts.
French businessmen were afraid to take risks.

5. That Nation of Shopkeepers! -- Napoleon Bonaparte
Industrial England:
"Workshop
of the World"
That Nation of Shopkeepers! Napoleon Bonaparte

6. Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851
Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.

7. Crystal Palace: Interior Exhibits

8. Crystal Palace: British Ingenuity on Display

9. Crystal Palace: American Pavilion

10. British Advantages Political Stability with Glorious Rev. 1688
Agricultural Rev
Enclosure Movement
Crop Rotation
Natural Resources
Coal
Iron Ore
Well developed textiles to start

11. Mine & Forge [1840-1880] More powerful than water is coal.
More powerful than wood is iron.
Innovations make steel feasible.
“Puddling” [1820] – “pig iron.”
“Hot blast” [1829] – cheaper, purer steel.
Bessemer process [1856] – strong, flexible steel.

12. Coal Mining in Britain: 1800-1914
1 ton of coal
50, 000 miners
1850
30 tons
200, 000 miners
1880
300 million tons
500, 000 miners
1914
250 million tons
1, 200, 000 miners

13. Young Coal Miners

14. Child Labor in the Mines
Child “hurriers”

15. British Pig Iron Production
Quick-Write
What does this graph suggest about the production of British Pig Iron? How will it effect the economy?

16. Richard Arkwright: “Pioneer of the Factory System”
The “Water Frame”

17. British Coin Portraying a Factory, 1812

18. Factory Production
Concentrates production in one place [materials, labor].
Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets].
Requires a lot of capital investment [factory, machines, etc.] more than skilled labor.
Only 10% of English industry in

19. Textile Factory Workers in England
1813
2400 looms
150, 000 workers
1833
85, 000 looms
200, 000 workers
1850
224, 000 looms
>1 million workers

20. The Factory System Rigid schedule. 12-14 hour day, 6 days a week
Dangerous conditions.
Explosions
Cave-in’s
bad air
dangerous machinery
Mind-numbing monotony.
Frequent loss of limbs!

21. Textile Factory Workers in England

22. Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

23. Short – Term Negative Effects of I.R.
Poor living conditions – no building codes or urban planning
Inadequate housing, education and police protection.
Poor sanitation, increase in disease

24. Industrial Revolution
New Inventions
of the
Industrial Revolution

25. James Watt’s Steam Engine

26. Steam Tractor

27. Steam Ship

28. An Early Steam Locomotive

29. Later Locomotives

30. The impact of Railroads 1839 - 1852

31. The Impact of the Railroad

32. “The Great Land Serpent”

33. Railroads on the Continent

34. Industrial Revolution
The "Haves":
Bourgeois Life
Thrived on the
Luxuries of the
Industrial Revolution

35. 19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau Riche

36. Criticism of the New Bourgeoisie

37. Stereotype of the Factory Owner

38. “Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life

39. The "Have-Nots":
The Poor,
The Over-Worked,
& the Destitute

40. Street Children, London 1900

41. Lunchtime for the factory boys – an editorial on the treatment of factory boys.

42. Women at Work in a London Factory

43. Child Laborers, 1900’s

44. Child Laborers, 1900’s

45. Children in London School Yard – Mid-Late 1800’s

46. Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830
Age of Worker
Male Wages
Female Wages
under 11
2s 3d.
2s. 4d.
4s. 1d.
4s. 3d.
10s. 2d.
7s. 3d.
17s. 2d.
8s. 5d.
20s. 4d.
8s. 7d.
22s. 8d.
8s. 9d.
21s. 7d.
9s. 8d.
20s. 3d.
9s. 3d.
16s. 7d.
8s. 10d.
16s. 4d.
8s. 4d.
13s. 6d.
6s. 4d.
Pounds, shillings and pence were the basic currency of Britain throughout the period covered by the Proceedings, having a consistent relationship of 12 pence to the shilling and 20 shillings to the pound. Values are generally expressed as £.s.d., or else l.s.d., as in £12 10s. 6d. or twelve pounds, ten shillings and sixpence.

47. Industrial
Cities and Living
Conditions

48. Industrial Staffordshire

49. The Silent Highwayman - 1858
Problems of Polution
The Silent Highwayman

50. The New Industrial City

51. Early-19c London by Gustave Dore

52. Worker Housing in Manchester

53. Factory Workers at Home

54. Workers Housing in Newcastle Today

55. The Life of the New Urban Poor: A Dickensian Nightmare!

56. Private Charities: Soup Kitchens

57. Private Charities: The “Lady Bountifuls”

58. Protests / Reformers

59. The Luddites: 1811-1816 Attacks on the “frames” [power looms].
Ned Ludd [a mythical figure supposed to live in Sherwood Forest]

60. The Luddite Triangle

61. The Luddites

62. The Neo-Luddites Today

63. Peterloo Massacre, 1819
British Soldiers Fire on British Workers: Let us die like men, and not be sold like slaves!

64. The “Peoples’ Charter”
Drafted in 1838 by William Lovett.
Radical campaign for Parliamentary reform of the inequalities created by the Reform Bill of 1832.
Votes for all men.
Equal electoral districts.
Abolition of the requirement that Members of Parliament [MPs] be property owners.
Payment for Members of Parliament.
Annual general elections.
The secret ballot.

65. The Chartists Key Chartist settlements Centres of Chartism
       
Chartist settlements
        
Centres of Chartism
     
Area of plug riots, 1842

66. The Chartists A female Chartist
A physical force— Chartists arming for the fight.

67. Anti-Corn Law League, 1845
Give manufactures more outlets for their products.
Expand employment.
Lower the price of bread.
Make British agriculture more efficient and productive.
Expose trade and agriculture to foreign competition.
Promote international peace through trade contact.

68. Br. Govt. Response
to the Dislocation
Created by
Industrialization

69. Government Response
Abolition of slavery in the colonies in 1832 [to raise wages in Britain].
Sadler Commission to look into working conditions
Factory Act [1833] – child labor.
New Poor Law [1834] – indoor relief.
Poor houses.
Reform Bill [1832] – broadens the vote for the cities.

70. British Reform Bill of 1832