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Fungi Chapter 31
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Fungal Structure Hyphae & mycelium Cells walls made of chitin
Coenocytic or septate
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Roles of Fungi External decomposers – exoenzymes Saprobic Parasitic
Mutualistic Mycorrizhae
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Relationship with Humans
Disease Medicine Cooking
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Asexual Reproduction Deuteromycetes Budding
Mitotic production of spores Yeast, mold, most parasitic fungi can reproduce this way.
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Chytridiomycota Diverged earliest in fungal evolution
May be paraphyletic with Zygomycota Mostly aquatic Has zoospores
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Zygomycota Example: bread mold, most mold on produce
Reproduces sexually & asexually Forms zygosporangia
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Image removed – Fig on p. 614
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Glomeromycota Ecologically significant - mycorrizhae
May have helped early plants Important to lumber industry
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Ascomycota Examples include truffles, and the yeast used for bread & beer. Can reproduce asexually using conidia. Reproduces sexually using ascocarp.
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Image removed – Fig on p. 617
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Basidiomycota Examples include mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts & smuts.
Almost never reproduces asexually.
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Basidiomycota Reproduces sexually using a basidium.
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Image removed – Fig on p. 619
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Lichen Break down rocks into soil Often first life on new land
Pollution indicators Crustose, fruticose, & foliose
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Lichen Actually millions of photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria surrounded by fungal hyphae. Named as single organisms Image removed – Fig on p. 621.
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