1. Imperialism
Chapter 11/ SOL 8 d & e

2. Imperialism
By end of 1800’s: only a few European nations and the U.S. controlled nearly entire world

3. 5 Major Factors
5 Major factors that led to the race for Imperial colonies
1. Raw Materials
2. New Markets
3. Nationalism
4. Outlets for Population
5. Missionary Motives

4. Raw Materials
Industrialization led to need for more raw materials

5. New Markets
Average worker could not afford products they were producing, so they needed new markets to buy surplus

6. Nationalism
European nations were competing and striving for strength and prestige

7. Outlets for Population
still allowed people to retain their citizenship & allow the mother country to receive their taxes!!!

8. Missionary Motives “White Man’s Burden”
converting them to Christianity
introduced education, hygiene & medical knowledge
it was their moral duty to change the natives & make them more European

9. Berlin Conference To prevent war
: to settle disputes over division of Africa…NO AFRICAN REPRESENTATIVE WAS PRESENT

10. How territory was gained…
European first sent private citizens to make a claim there (merchants, traders, explorers)
As the natives resisted, Europeans sent military to protect the citizens

11. Types of foreign control
Colony:
Protectorate:
under total control of a foreign power
the foreign country is still running the gov’t and the economy

12. Types of foreign control cont…
Condominium:
Sphere of Influence:
a region where two countries share a territory
Trading privileges

13. Types of foreign control cont…
Direct Rule:
Indirect Rule:
Controlling all levels of government
locals hold lower gov’t positions

14. Paternalism
Governing as a parent!

15. North Africa

16. North Africa One of first targets…due to proximity to Europe
The French gained control of Tunisia by loaning them money that they knew they could not repay

17. North Africa cont… France got Morocco
Britain wanted to join in the conquest of North Africa

18. North Africa cont… French built the Suez Canal
Egypt purchased ½ of the stocks & then sold them!

19. North Africa cont…
The Sudan was Britain’s next target b/c they needed control of the Nile River
Britain & France both wanted the Sudan = estab. A condominium over it!

20. The people of Libya hated Italian rule
North Africa cont…
Italy wanted Libya
The people of Libya hated Italian rule

21. West Africa

22. West Africa
Dutch and Portuguese were the 1st Europeans to come in contact with West Africa

23. West Africa cont…
French colonized a large portion of West Africa.
British also moved into interior portion of West Africa; They claimed territory along the Niger River.

24. West Africa cont…
By the early 1900’s, all of West Africa except for Liberia had been claimed by Britain, France, Portugal, Germany and Spain.
Liberia was est. by freed slaves for the U.S.

25. East Africa

26. East Africa
Slave raids had disrupted the political stability of the region and made it easier to invade.
Ethiopia only region in East Africa that did not succumb to foreign invasion
Fatal cattle disease killed 80% of the cattle, which led to widespread starvation

27. Central Africa

28. Central Africa Dr. Livingstone explored the interior portion of Africa
1st European to explore the Zaire River (Congo)
Henry Stanley (American) went to find him; Stanley “bumped into” Livingstone—famous quote “Dr. Livingstone, I presume”

29. Central Africa cont…
Leopold II (Belgium) purchased 900,000 sq miles (Congo)
Leopold practically depleted Congo’s entire rubber supply
After criticism, Leopold turned it over to Belgium gov’t

30. Central Africa cont…
French also gained a piece of the Congo and stretched their empire to west coast when they acquired French Equatorial Africa

31. South Africa

32. South Africa
Boer War: Btwn African & British; British won & gained control of the Boer Republic
Boer: Dutch Farmer AKA Afrikaners—language Afrikaans
Paternalism/Assimilation
British Used Indirect Rule because empire covered about ¼ of globe
“The sun never sets on the British empire”

35. Imperialism & India British took control of India
British East India Company controlled India
Sepoy Mutiny: Indian revolt
British intro. Social reforms, educ, technology
“Jewel of the British Empire”
British remained until mid 1900’s when Gandhi formed the Indian Nat’l Congress

36. Imperialism & China Had isolated themselves/restricted foreign trade
Balance of trade—China
Europeans—trade deficit—wanted free trade
Opium War: , Chinese tried to halt the British from importing opium = war! (British won)
Treaty of Nanking: 1842 opened up 5 ports to British
Spheres of Influence: outside powers claimed trading rights in China
Taiping Rebellion: wanted to overthrow the Qing

37. Imperialism & China
Open Door Policy: USA 1899, John Hay; = trading rights for all nations
Boxer Rebellion: Chinese uprising against foreign nations; wanted to go back to isolationism! FAILED!!

38. Imperialism & Japan
Isolationist!!!!