1. Objective:
Students will be able to describe the unique characteristics of lipids.
Students will demonstrate a property of lipids

2. Organic (macromolecules) molecules found in the body:
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

3. Lipids

4. Lipids Characteristics
Lipids are hydrophobic (water fearing)
-Because lipids are hydrophobic they are able to create boundaries in aqueous solutions
Example: oil and water; cell membrane

5. Functions of Lipids Stores energy (fats)
Chemical signals- steroids (estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, cholesterol)
Moderate reproduction, metabolism, blood pressure, stress
Acts as boundaries (phospholipids)

6. FATS

7. Fats
Made of a glycerol backbone attached to 3 fatty acids

9. Saturated fats
Three fatty acids contains the max number of hydrogen bonds
Solid at room temp
Examples: lard, butter

10. Unsaturated fats
Fatty acids do not have the max number of hydrogen. This is because some of the carbons have bonded together.
Examples: fats in fruits, and fish as well as many oils

11. The terms saturated and unsaturated lipids refer to the number of bonds on each carbon atom that makes up the fatty-acid tail of the molecule. Saturated lipids are so-called because they have single bonds between all the carbon atoms, and therefore all the carbons are bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. These chains are fairly straight and can pack closely together, making these fats solid at room temperature. Other fats have some double bonds between some of the carbons in the tail, causing the molecule to bend. As carbon atoms with double bonds are not bonded to as many hydrogens as possible, they are called unsaturated fats. The kinks in the tails mean that unsaturated fats can't pack as closely together, making them liquid at room temperature.

13. Saturated versus Unsaturated
Why are saturated fats less healthy than unsaturated?
Unsaturated fat molecules are a curved and kinked with negative charges that repel each other so they don't stick together. Because these molecules don't stick together, they flow - both in the food and in the arteries.
The molecules of a saturated fat are flat. They pile up like pages in a book and stick to each other.
Do you want them to flow like oil or clump together like butter in your body?

14. Triglyceride
A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is a lipid composed of a glycerol (backbone) and three fatty acids.
As a blood lipid, it helps enable the bidirectional transference of adipose fat and blood glucose from the liver. There are many triglycerides: depending on the oil source, some are highly unsaturated, some less so.

15. Use your computer to quickly research Triglycerides and LDL vs HDL

16. Triglycerides are a type of fat found in your blood
Triglycerides are a type of fat found in your blood. Too much of this type of fat may raise the risk of coronary artery disease, especially in women.
A blood test measures your triglycerides along with your cholesterol. Normal triglyceride levels are below 150. Levels above 200 are high.
Factors that can raise your triglyceride level include
Being overweight
Lack of physical activity
Smoking
Excessive alcohol use
A very high carbohydrate diet
Certain diseases and medicines
Some genetic disorders
You may be able to lower your triglycerides with a combination of losing weight, diet, and exercise. You also may need to take medicine to lower your triglycerides.

17. STEROIDS

18. Steroids
Unlike the fats carbon chain structure, steroids are in a 4 ring shape
Instead of a energy storage compound steroids (examples: cortisol, cholesterol, estrogen & testosterone) send signals throughout the body
Cholesterol is a steroid found in your cell and in cell membranes

19. Cholesterol
Cholesterol is required to build and maintain membranes (it regulates membrane fluidity)
In its structural role, cholesterol reduces the permeability of the plasma membrane to protons (positive hydrogen ions) and sodium ions
Within the cell membrane, cholesterol also functions in intracellular transport, cell signaling and nerve conduction.

20. PHOSPHOLIPIDS

21. Creating Boundaries
Another important job of lipids is to create boundaries (especially for cell membranes)
These lipids are called phospholipids, and they have both a hydrophillic and a hydrophobic end

22. Computer Activity PHILIA VERSUS PHOBIA
Philia- love of
Phobia- fear of
What do you love? What do you fear?
Phobias are named by taking a prefix and putting it in front of –phobia or –phobic. Use the following website to find one thing you love (philia) and one thing you are afraid of (phobia) Using the prefix write down the name of your philia and phobia

23. Lab Activity
PHAT LAB
The figure to the left depicts a phospholipid. Notice that the head of the phospholipid is made of a phosphate group and the tail is made of hydrocarbon chains. In lab we will determine whether the head or tail of a phospholipid is hydrophobic

24. Does carbon like water or hate it??
HEADS OR TAILS??
Head- made of a phosphate group
Tail- made of a hydrocarbon
IT’S THE CARBON!!!
Does carbon like water or hate it??

28. Lipid review Lipid characteristics - organic - hydrophobic
Lipid functions:
- act as boundaries
- act as chemical signals
- store energy in your body