1. Separation Techniques in Chemistry
Created by: Mdm Lee AL

2. Lesson Objectives At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
Identify the different methods of purifying mixtures
Describe the filtration method of purification.
Describe the crystallisation method of purification.
Describe the method of purification by distillation.

3. What is purification process mixtures
Purification is a ________ to separate _________ into its components. When a substance is pure it will have ______ melting and boiling point.
fixed

4. Methods of Separation
There are 6 methods common method of purification in your syllabus:
_______________
________________
_________________
Magnetism
Filtration
Simple Distillation
Fractional Distillation
Crystallisation
Chromatography

5. 1. Magnetism
Concept:
The use of a ________ to separate solids which has _______ properties.
Example: separating ______ from a mixture of iron fillings and sulphur.
magnet
magnetic
iron

6. 2. FILTRATION
Concept: To separate _________ from a ____________. E.g: To separate sand from water
solid
solution

7. Do You Know? The NEWater Factory uses Micro filtration,
Reverse Osmosis and Ultra-violet light
disinfections technologies in a simple
three-stage treatment process to treat
The first process is called
Micro filtration (MF).
In MF, the treated used water is passed
through fibres that work as microscopic
filters.

8. 3. CRYSTALLISATION
Concept: To obtain _______ from a ____________ solution. In the process ______________ are formed
solid
saturated
crystals

9. Do You Know?
For making of chips e.g. silicon in calculators, computers etc.
Quartz crystals. Vibrates 32,768 times
per second. This controls time.
To study proteins, scientists first need to grow crystals, which can be used to help study their structures. This experiment is designed to introduce students to the concepts and techniques involved in growing protein crystals.

10. 4. SIMPLE DISTILLATION Concept: To obtain ________ by ____________hot
vapour into its
components.
Example:
separating sea water
into water and salt
solvent
condensing

11. HOW DOES IT WORK?
This method work because the mixtures have ________ boiling points.
Water _____
OUT
different
Water _____ IN
Water is the __________
distillate

12. 5. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
Concept:
To separate ______________ based on _________ in boiling point.
Example: mixture containing ethanol and water
miscible liquids
difference
__________
Fractional column
__________
Boiling chips

13. Do you Know?
This technology can be used in desalination plant to obtain pure water.
(Distillation is a treatment process that uses heat energy rather than chemicals to purify drinking water.)
Distillation is effective in disinfecting water and in the removal of inorganic contaminants. Examples of inorganic minerals removable by distillation include arsenic, lead, manganese, uranium and most other minerals.

14. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION: It’s APPLICATION TODAY!
Used commonly in industry to:
Separate crude oil
(Petroleum) into useful
fractions
Obtain nitrogen and oxygen from air

15. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION IT’S APPLICATION TODAY!
Petroleum gas
Lubricating oil
Bitumen (Build roads)

16. Summary chromatography crystallisation SEPARATION TECHNQUES mixture
Pure substances
to separate miscible liquids
if is a
To separate solid from solution
Can be purified by
Contains only single spot on chromatogram
Filtration
Fractional Distillation
Simple Distillation
to separate solvent from solution
To separate compounds with similar properties
to separate solid from a liquid
Magnetism
to separate magnetic solid from solid mixtures