1. Writing the Constitution
Unit 4

2. Significant Dates: 1776 - The Declaration of Independence
1787- Constitution Written
Constitution Ratified
Bill of Rights added to the Constitution

3. Writing of the Articles of Confederation
Second Continental Congress
Created a new government for the independent colonies
1st constitution in the United States

4. Writing the Articles of Confederation
Included one branch
1 representative from each of the former
colonies
financing war
treaty negotiations
avoided a powerful executive

5. Writing the Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation was also known as a “firm league of friendship.”

6. “Firm League of Friendship”
each state keeps its sovereignty, freedom and independence

7. Strengths of the AOC
The result of a great fear regarding a tyrannical leader (KG3) was that the states kept most of their power, while limiting the power of the federal government
This is known as states rights.

8. Strengths of the AOC each state had equal representation in congress
congress could make war
congress could make peace; sign treaties
congress could raise an army & navy
congress could print money
congress could set up a postal service

9. Weaknesses of the AOC congress had no power to tax
no federal court system
weak federal government
couldn’t regulate commerce
No federal leaders
limited military

10. Weaknesses of AOC No power to tax. This meant:
government couldn’t get revenue to pay for army and other national interests
had to ask the states for money; states would ignore the plea

11. Weaknesses of AOC No federal court system. This meant:
couldn’t settle disputes between states

12. Weaknesses of AOC Lacked a strong federal government. This meant:
reduced the ability of the government to settle disputes over state boundaries

13. Weaknesses of AOC No power to regulate commerce. This means:
couldn’t do anything about the quarrels over taxes on goods that crossed state borders

14. Weaknesses of AOC No federal leader. This means:
no executive to lead the country
scared of having another KG3

15. Weaknesses of AOC
Limited military.
This means:
no protection

16. Shay’s Rebellion - 6 minutes

17. Shay’s Rebellion proved the federal government was weak
& the federal government couldn’t keep
order
This meant:
A stronger federal government was needed.

18. Writing the Constitution
How do they strengthen the federal government?
How do they address representation?
How do they tackle slavery and representation?

19. Writing the Constitution
Strengthening the federal government:
created an executive, legislative and judicial branch

20. Writing the Constitution
Representation in congress problem:
The Virginia Plan- large states wanted representation to be based on population
The New Jersey Plan - small states wanted equal representation between all states

21. Writing the Constitution
How should slaves in the south be counted regarding population and taxation?
People in the south wanted their slave population to be counted.
People in the north didn’t want the slave population to be counted.

22. The Great Compromise
It is written in the Constitution that there would be a two house legislature.

23. The Great Compromise Two House (bicameral) Legislature: This means:
House of Representatives - based on population (Virginia Plan)
Senate - based on equal representation
(New Jersey Plan)

24. ⅗ Compromise
three-fifths of the slave population in the south would be counted towards:
*direct taxes on the states
*representation in congress

25. Colonial Grievances
Colonial grievances that were listed in The Declaration of Independence were addressed in The Constitution.
Grievances: In The Declaration
Solutions: In The Constitution

26. Colonial Grievances Grievance: Taxation without representation
Solution: All states are represented in congress

27. Colonial Grievances Grievance: KG3 had absolute power
Solution: Congress had the power to override the President with the power of veto

28. Colonial Grievances
Grievance: Colonists were not allowed to speak out against KG3
Solution: 1st amendment - Freedom of speech

29. Colonial Grievances
Grievance: Quartering Act forced colonists to house troops
Solution: 4th amendment - No quartering of troops

30. Colonial Grievances
Grievance: KG3 allowed homes to be searched without a warrant
Solution: 4th amendment - No unwarranted search and seizure

31. Colonial Grievances Grievance: No trial by jury of peers
Solution: 6th amendment - Speedy & public trial
7th amendment - Right to a trial by jury

32. Influence of ideas from historical documents on The Constitution
Magna Carta: 1215
limited the power of the king
Influence on The Constitution:
constitutional limits of power of the central government

33. Influence of ideas from historical documents on The Constitution
English Bill of Rights:
listed individual rights
Influence on The Constitution:
model for the Bill of Rights

34. Influence of ideas from historical documents on The Constitution
Mayflower Compact:1620
written by the Pilgrims
established self-government & majority rule
Influence on The Constitution:
self-government & majority rule

35. Study!! Vocabulary test in 5 minutes!!
Set a goal and get there!!
Study!! Vocabulary test in 5 minutes!!

36. Get folder out.
Locate Federalist/Antifederalist foldable.

37. Influence of ideas from historical documents on The Constitution
Federalist Papers:
supported ratification of The Constitution
desired a strong central government with restricted powers
Influence on The Constitution:
strong central government
with separation of powers and check and balances

38. Influence of ideas from historical documents on The Constitution
Anti- Federalist Papers:
opposed ratification of The Constitution because it didn’t include a Bill of Rights that protected individual rights
Influence on The Constitution:
Bill of Rights was added after The Constitution was ratified in 1791.

39. Federalists argued for a stronger federal government
approved ratification of the Constitution

40. Federalists
Wanted a stronger government because under the Articles of Confederation, the federal government was weak.
A weak national government set the United States up for failure. (Shay’s Rebellion)

41. Federalists
James Madison
John Jay
Alexander Hamilton

42. Federalists James Madison: “Father of the Constitution”
helped write the Federalist Papers
wrote the “Bill of Rights”

43. Federalists James Madison:
wrote the first ten amendments to compromise with the Anti-federalists

44. Federalists
John Jay:
helped James Madison write the Federalist Papers

45. Federalists Alexander Hamilton:
Used the “necessary and proper clause” to justify forming a national bank
He said it was necessary and proper for the United States economy to form a national bank

46. Federalists
Necessary and proper clause of the U.S. Constitution:

47. Anti-federalists states should retain their power
believed that the Constitution should protect individual rights
opposed ratifying Constitution without a Bill of Rights

48. Anti-federalists
Wanted the states to keep their power and avoid a powerful executive.
Believed the American Revolution was fought to get away from a strong central government. (KGIII)

49. Anti-Federalists
Patrick Henry
George Mason

50. Anti-federalists Patrick Henry:
opposed the idea of a strong central government so much that he refused to attend the Philadelphia Convention
He said he “smelled a rat”

51. “Give me liberty or give me death”
Anti-Federalists
“Give me liberty or give me death”
Patrick Henry

52. Anti-Federalists George Mason: anti-federalist leader
believed in restricting government power
supported individual rights

53. Anti-Federalists George Mason:
The reason he supported protection of individual rights was to prevent the government from abusing their power.

54. Development of Religious Freedom in the United States
Plymouth Colony:
self-governing churches

55. Development of Religious Freedom in the United States
Plymouth Colony:
Self-governing churches were significant because each church congregation was independent.
Each congregation elected their own pastor and officers.
Evidence of representative government developing.

56. Development of Religious Freedom in the United States
17th Century Massachusetts Bay Colony:
founded by Roger Williams to escape religious persecution
close ties to Puritan Church
fairly democratic - held some elections

57. Development of Religious Freedom in the United States
Massachusetts Bay Colony:
Roger Williams was banished
Church was tied too closely to the state government.
He wanted separation of church and state.

58. Development of Religious Freedom in the United States
Rhode Island 1636:
founded by Roger Williams after he was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony
there would be separation of church and state in Rhode Island

59. Development of Religious Freedom in the United States
Pennsylvania :
founded by William Penn
established a colonial government that provided political freedom & guaranteed religious freedom

60. Development of Religious Freedom in the United States
Maryland:
a safe haven for persecuted Catholics
became Protestants vs. Catholics
led to 1649 Maryland Toleration Act

61. Development of Religious Freedom in the United States
Maryland:
1649 Maryland Toleration Act - allowed religious freedom to all Christians

62. Development of Religious Freedom in the United States
Virginia 1786:
The Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom
Written by Thomas Jefferson
first state to recognize church and state
guaranteed the right to practice religion free from government interference

63. Development of Religious Freedom in the United States
Bill of Rights 1791:
guaranteed the right to practice religion without government interference.
guarantees freedom from a government church (separation of church and state)

64. Why is religious freedom important?
Americans can worship however they choose.
This leads to a variety of peaceful worship within a
community
No government interference with religious
beliefs
No state/government churches

65. Eras Constitutional Exploration Revolutionary Colonization
Warm-up: Write these in the correct chronological order in your journal.
Eras
Constitutional
Exploration
Revolutionary
Colonization
Important Events
Bill of Rights
Writing of the Constitution
Declaration of Independence
Ratification of Constitution

66. Individual Rights protected by the Bill of Rights
1st amendment:
freedom of religion, assembly, petition, press, and speech

67. Why is free speech and press important in a constitutional republic?
allow for protection of individual rights
free to express ideas, information and opinions that are free of government restrictions

68. Individual Rights protected by the Bill of Rights
2nd amendment:
the right to bear arms

69. Individual Rights protected by the Bill of Rights
3rd amendment:
No quartering of troops

70. Individual Rights protected by the Bill of Rights
4th amendment:
No illegal search and seizure

71. Individual Rights protected by the Bill of Rights
5th amendment:
right to due process
not to be tried for the same crime twice
you dont; have to testify against yourself

72. Individual Rights protected by the Bill of Rights
6th amendment:
right to a speedy trial
right to a trial by jury
right to an attorney

73. Individual Rights protected by the Bil of Rights
7th amendments:
right to trials by jury in civil cases

74. Individual Rights protected by the Bill of Rights
8th amendment:
no excessive bail or punishment

75. Individual Rights protected by the Bill of Rights
9th amendment:
rights of the people that are not specified in the Bill of Rights

76. Individual Rights protected by the Bill of Rights
10th amendments:
rights to the states