1. Chapter 18 America Claims an Empire
Global competition prompts the United States to expand its influence and territory engage in conflicts around the globe, and build the Panama Canal.

2. Section 2 The Spanish-American War
In 1898, the United States goes to war to help Cuba win its independence from Spain.

3. Rebellion against Spain
Spain had once controlled most of the Americas, however, by the late 1800s Spain's empire was crumbling
Cuba & Puerto Rico were the last of the Spanish colonies in the Americas. Spain also owned the Philippines located in Asia.
Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Philippines began wanting independence
Spain had once controlled most of the Americas Late 1800's - Spain had only a few colonies

4. Cuba
The Philippines
Puerto Rico

5. Since 1868 Cubans had launched a series of unsuccessful revolts against Spanish rule
Jose Marti launched a revolution in 1895 using an active guerilla campaign and deliberately destroying property

6. Rebellion against Spain
Situation in Cuba interested U.S.
Cuba located 90 miles south of U.S.
American business interest had been growing (sugarcane
Fighting caused trade with Cuba to drop

7. Rebellion against Spain
Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to Cuba to crush the revolt
He treated the Cubans harshly
Put about 300,000 Cubans in concentration cams where many died of starvation
American press told stories about the cruelty to stir up people emotions

8. Rebellion against Spain
Two papers fighting for customers wrote sensationalized writing stories to attract customers
The World owned by Joseph Pulitzer
Journal owned by William Randolph Hearst
- Called yellow journalism

9. “Yellow Journalism” “You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war
-William Randolph Hearst
Yellow Headlines:
The “Butcher” Weyler
Poisoned wells
Children being thrown to sharks
Frederic Remington’s Disrobing Propaganda

10. Moving Closer To War With Spain
President McKinley wanted to remain neutral but 2 events forced him to give into public pressure to declare war on Spain.
Enrique Dupuy de Lome’s letter
The Maine
President McKinley didn't want to go to war
- He had fought in the Civil War
Public pressure forced McKinley to take action against Spain
- He demanded that Spain stop its harsh treatment of Cubans
- Spain sent general Weyler home but didn't stop treatment

11. America goes to War
February 9, U.S. recovered a private letter written by a Spanish minister named Enrique Dupuy de Lôme
- He called President McKinley weak
- Spain apologized & de Lôme resigned
- American public remained angry
The de Lôme letter, a note written by Señor Don Enrigue Dupuy de Lôme, the Spanish Ambassador to the United States, to Don José Canelejas, the Foreign Minister of Spain, reveals de Lôme’s opinion about the Spanish involvement in Cuba and President McKinley’s diplomacy. Cuban revolutionaries intercepted the letter from the mail and released it to the Hearst press, which published it on February 9, 1898, in the New York Journal. De Lôme’s unflattering remarks about McKinley helped fuel this country’s aggressive, warlike foreign policy. Two months later, on April 11, 1898, McKinley delivered a war message to Congress asking for “forcible intervention” by the United States to establish peace in Cuba.

12. America goes to War
U.S.S. Maine sent to pick up U.S. citizens, protect U.S. property
- The Maine exploded in Havana Harbor
- U.S. blames Spain
- "Remember the Maine” became war cry

13. America goes to War
April 29, President McKinley declared Cuba independent

14. Manila Bay
U.S. entered war to fight for Cuba's freedom 1st battle takes place half way around the world in Manila Bay in the Philippines
Dewey’s surprise naval attack sunk the crumbling Spanish Navy
Made Americans feel very superior
Demonstrated the superiority of U.S. naval forces

15. Pacific War Led by Commodore George Dewey
May 1, battle takes place
- Filipinos, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, supported Dewey
- Over 300 Spanish killed and defeated
- Dewey became hero in U.S
- Bubble gum named after him (Dewey's Chewys).

16. The War in the Caribbean
U.S. only had 28,000 men when war started
- 200,000 signed up within 6 months
Teddy Roosevelt picked a group of soldiers known as the "Rough Riders"
- Chose a diverse group
- Cowboys, N.Y. City policemen, athletes, and American Indians

17. The War in the Caribbean
They set sail for Cuba from Tampa, Florida
- Had to wear wool uniforms (lightweight informs hadn't arrived yet)
- Food spoiled in the heat
- Men became sick
U.S. wanted to capture the port of Santiago
- Had to control San Juan Hill to do this

18. The War in the Caribbean
Rough Riders attacked and took San Juan Hill
Roosevelt declared hero of attack on
strategic San Juan Hill
Aug Spain signs truce
Very few had horses (they were left behind in Florida)

19. Treaty of Paris August 12, 1898 – Spain & U.S. signed armistice
Met in Paris to make treaty
U.S. shocked Spain at the treaty signing in France
- Demanded the Spain hand over Puerto Rico, the island of Guam, and the Philippines (war had been fought over Cuba)
- Spain didn't have any choice
Spain freed Cuba; handed Guam, Puerto Rico to U.S. & sold Philippines
Treaty of Paris touched off a great debate over imperialism
- McKinley tried to justify annexation of Philippines on moral grounds
- Opponents gave political, moral, economic arguments against

20. Results of the War U.S. didn't grant Cuba independence immediately
- Cuba had to agree to the Platt Amendment
- It gave the U.S. the right interfere in Cuban affairs when there was a threat to life, property, and individual liberty
- Cuba had to allow an American naval base at Guantanamo Bay until 1999

21. Results of the War Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory
Had its own elected legislature and a governor chosen by the president
1917, Puerto Ricans made U.S. citizens; elect both houses

22. Results of the War Guam was controlled by the U.S. navy
President McKinley decided that the Philippines should become an American Colony
- Philippines wanted independence
- Revolted against the U.S.
U.S. troops finally restored order
July 4, 1946, Philippines became independent