1. Modelling sustainability in water supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
Ilse Pieterse-Quirijns, Claudia Agudelo-Vera, Mirjam Blokker

2. promote sustainability
Background: “problem description” sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
climate change
energy costs
population growth
increased urbanisation
increased consumption
reuse of wastewater
harvesting of rainwater
recovery of nutrients from wastewater
energy efficiency
recovery of energy from wastewater
promote
sustainability

3. Purpose: contribution SIMDEUM® in sustainability
Purpose: contribution SIMDEUM® in sustainability sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
Purpose:
Contribution of SIMDEUM® in sustainability in supply and drainage to buildings:
Case 1: energy efficient design of water heaters
Case 2: grey water recycling and rainwater harvesting system
Case 3: recovery of thermal energy and nutrients from wastewater

4. SIMDEUM®: model for water demand
SIMDEUM®: model for water demand sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
SIMulation of water Demand, an End Use Model
Philosophy: installation inside building:
characteristics water using appliances
users: water use behaviour
SIMDEUM
residential
diurnal cold and hot water demand patterns
non-residential
diurnal cold and hot water demand patterns
design rules for
houses and apartment buildings
design rules for
non-residential buildings (offices, hotels, nursing homes)
Library
typical water demand patterns
SIMDEUM pattern generator

5. SIMDEUM®: model for water demand
SIMDEUM®: model for water demand sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
SIMulation of water Demand, an End Use Model
Philosophy: installation inside building:
characteristics water using appliances
users: water use behaviour
users
appliances
SIMDEUM
presence
when do they
use water?
for which
reason?
flow rate
duration
frequency
desired temperature
dependent on user
bathroomtap
dependent on purpose of use
kitchentap

6. SIMDEUM®: model for water demand
SIMDEUM®: model for water demand sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
demand patterns at each tap
during the day
for cold AND hot water
demand patterns for building
during the day
for cold AND hot water
demand patterns for apartment building during the day
for cold AND hot water

7. apartment building
hot
cold
hotel
hot
cold
nursing home
cold
hot

8. SIMDEUM® in energy efficient design of water heaters
Case 1
SIMDEUM® in energy efficient design of water heaters

9. Case 1: energy efficient design of water heaters
Case 1: energy efficient design of water heaters sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
Design of heating systems in practice:
Badly (over-)designed systems
Why?
outdated existing guidelines and guidelines do not cover hot water demand
Hygienic problems (water quality, Legionella)
Less energy efficient
In 2010: procedure to derive new design rules for cold and hot water based on SIMDEUM®
In 2011: reliable prediction of peak demand values of cold and hot water for different buildings
SIMDEUM based rules lead to comparable choice of heating system as based on measured hot water use

10. design based on SIMDEUM
Case 1: energy efficient design of water heaters sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
Compare SIMDEUM-based design with proposal company:
type of building
design based on SIMDEUM
proposal company
volume [l]
power [kW]
apartment building I: standard
500 60
110
apartment building II: luxurious) 82
1000 80
hotel I (small business) 35
200
hotel II (large business)
4000
hotel III (tourist)
250 50
740
100
nursing home I: care needed residents 30 45
nursing home II: self-contained apartments 25
Dimensions proposed by company
2x to 4x
dimensions from SIMDEUM
SIMDEUM®:
significant contribution in energy efficient design of heating systems

11. SIMDEUM® in grey water recycling and rainwater harvesting system
Case 2
SIMDEUM® in grey water recycling and rainwater harvesting system

12. Case 2: grey water recycling and rainwater harvesting system
sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
SIMDEUM

13. Case 2: grey water recycling and rainwater harvesting system
Building type
Free standing house
Mid-rise apartment flat
Occupancy
4 people (1 family)
56 people (28 apartments x 2 people)
Roof area (m²) 60
640
# of toilets
2 (1 in each floor)
28 (1 per apartment)
# of laundry machines
1 (in 1st floor)
# of showers/bathtubs
1 (in 2nd floor)
28 showers (1 per apartment) – No bath
Grey and rain water system
Single house collection
Shared collection
Week demand pattern (hourly time step)

14. Case 2: grey water recycling and rainwater harvesting system
sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
Optimisation for choice of storage capacity shows:
LGW recycling is more beneficial than rainwater harvesting, for the same storage capacity
Combine LGW and rainwater: maximum yield at smaller storage capacity
Non-potable demand (DQ2) = 65 m³ y-1 = 16 m³ y-1 p-1
Potential recycling = 85 m³ y-1 = 21 m³ y-1 p-1
Potential rainwater harvesting = 48 m³ y-1 = 12 m³ y-1 p-1
Treatment rate = 160 l d-1 = 40 l d-1 p-1
Non-potable demand (DQ2) = 1108 m³ y-1 = 20 m³ y-1 p-1
Potential recycling = 930 m³ y-1 = 17 m³ y-1 p-1
Potential rainwater harvesting = 512 m³ y-1 = 9 m³ y-1 p-1
Treatment rate = 2240 l d-1 = 40 l d-1 p-1

15. Case 2: grey water recycling and rainwater harvesting system
sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
SIMDEUM®:
assists in proper choice of storage capacities and in understanding process dynamics in recycling systems
Higher density of people higher yield/efficiency

16. SIMDEUM® in recovery of thermal energy and nutrients from wastewater
Case 3
SIMDEUM® in recovery of thermal energy and nutrients from wastewater

17. Case 3: recovery of thermal energy and nutrients from wastewater
sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
SIMulation of water Demand, an End Use Model
Philosophy: installation inside building:
characteristics water using appliances
users: water use behaviour
SIMDEUM
Demand model
Discharge model
Purpose of water use for each appliance is known:
time of use
quantity
temperature
Provides information on wastewater
quantity
temperature
quality (soap residue, medicines, nitrates)
Recovery of energy and nutrients

18. Case 3: recovery of thermal energy and nutrients from wastewater
Demand
Discharge
sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
Case 3: recovery of thermal energy and nutrients from wastewater
SIMDEUM®:
quantifies the energy and nutrient loads in discharge flows for recovery purposes

19. sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
CONCLUSION
sustainability in supply and drainage with SIMDEUM®
SIMDEUM®
reliable simulation of residential and non-residential cold and hot water demand patterns
discharge characteristics: quantity, quality and temperature of wastewater
SIMDEUM® to promote sustainability:
Energy efficient design: SIMDEUM based design rules reduce heater capacity with factor 2 to 4
Grey water recycling and rainwater harvesting: SIMDEUM assists in choice of storage capacities and continuous simulations
Recovery of energy and nutrients: SIMDEUM renders information on discharge characteristics
SIMDEUM also for other countries, other buildings and scenario studies