JISC Collections.

JISC Collections

JISC Collections An Introduction to JISC Collections: Who are we and what do we do? Liam Earney JISC Collections Team Manager

About JISC - The Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) is funded by all of the UK University and College funding bodies JISC's activities support education and research by promoting innovation in new technologies and by the central support of ICT services. JISC provides: A world-class network - JANET Access to electronic resources – JISC Collections New environments for learning, teaching and research Guidance on institutional change Advisory and consultancy services Regional support for FE colleges - RSCs Increasingly JISC will be there to support HE in their role as an engine of economic growth and development in the UK

About JISC Collections
Established as a mutual trading company in 2006 Members include all UK HE, FE and Research Councils National centre for the licensing and procurement of digital content to support education and research Best pricing and best terms & conditions for the best content In 2009, savings to the JISC community from JISC Collections activities are estimated at £43 million In support of this mission JISC Collections acquires digital resources, negotiates framework agreements at a national level on behalf of the UK higher and further education community and the research councils, and it endeavours to provide institutions with authoritative information that will enable informed decision making for the procurement of online resources. All of these activities aim to deliver the benefits of digital content in the context of emerging communication technologies and services.

About JISC Collections?
Aims - Save time and money through central licensing and negotiation that leverages buying power and avoiding duplication of effort Widen accessibility to online content through best value pricing of subscription resources and the central procurement of content Help institutions manage the demands of licensing and develop capacity within the sector to improve licence management

How does JISC Collections support that mission?
Currently managing over 120 agreements including - UK National Academic Archive Over 20 archives licensed in perpetuity and available freely to all UK HE, FE and Research Councils NESLi2 36 agreements for e-journals JISC Collections Over 80 agreements for online databases, reference materials, multimedia resources and e-book collections Working at all academic levels and with all subject areas Manages over 5,500 subscriptions. 12 members of staff

UK National Academic Archive
Content available free to all UK HE, FE and Research Councils Early English Books Online Eighteenth Century Collections Online 18th – 20th Century House of Commons Parliamentary Papers RSC, IoPP, ICE, ACS, OUP, Brill, T&F Journal Archives Historic Map Data Web of Science Backfiles And more…

NESLi2 – National Electronic Site Licensing Initiative
NESLi2 – Large publishers Elsevier Springer Nature ACS Oxford Journals Currently 20 agreements NESLi2 SMP – Small and Medium Sized Publishers Brill Karger Berg 16 agreements and growing

Database Agreements Agreements for Bibliographic, A&I, Full Text, Reference materials, Geospatial, E-Books and other digital content In January 2009 issued first ITT for a Framework Agreement – 90 proposals Web of Science, Scopus, British Education Index, Embase Oxford Reference, Cambridge Companions Online, Literature Online Ordnance Survey, Hydrospatial, Geology Times Digital Archive, Electronic Enlightenment T&F e-books, Knovel, Morgan & Claypool

JISC Model Licence JISC model licences since mid-1990s Used with all JISC Collections and NESLi2 agreements Allows institutions and their users to get the best value from resources through flexible terms of use that offer stability and security to both users and providers The JISC Model licence is updated annually to take account of changes in: The business environment – experimenting with new business models The scholarly environment – VLE’s, reuse of learning materials The information environment – changes in access management technologies, preservation requirements etc Aim is licensing developed by the education sector for the education sector with terms that allow the education sector to get on with the business of education But it isn’t just about saving money, its also about helping JISC and other partners to achieve their own aims and objecives. The main way in which this is achieved is through the use of the JISC model licence – it is the foundation of all JISC Collections agreements and must be used. Using the model licence gives JISC Collections considerable leverage in its relations with publishers – it can also be an excellent way of raising an issue with them, even if in the early years of its inclusion one doesn’t always get complicance. I am thinking here especially of usage stats, accessibility and learning objects.

Not just about licensing and negotiation…
Projects and reports that review the current environment and look to meet future requirements of teaching, learning and research national e-books observatory project e-books for FE A comparative study of e-journal archiving solutions Providing tools to support institutional use and acquisition of electronic resources Academic Database Assessment Tool Supporting licensing requirements of JISC Programmes JISC Digitisation Programme Copyright Advice and Support Project for Electronic Resources …though all of these should support licensing and negotiation

What’s on our minds now? Licensing in a time of economic uncertainty

Economic crisis and the impact on UK academic libraries
Deep Recession Poor public finances DIUS (was) expected to deliver additional £400million of savings in Freeze if not cuts in public spending The impact in the public sector will be over a number of years – even if the wider economy recovers

The impact on academic libraries - Global
ICOLC Statement on the Global Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Consortia Licences “current crisis [is] of such significance that we cannot simply assume that libraries and publishers share a common perspective about the magnitude of the crisis and the best approaches to deal with it” Following forecasts: Significant and widespread cuts in budget levels for libraries and consortia Cuts will be prolonged Exchange rate fluctuations are complicating and/or amplifying the impact Full statement at:: About a 100 consortia globally have endorsed the statement

The impact on academic libraries – UK
Research Information Network: “Scholarly books and journals at risk: Responding to the challenges of a changing economy” Fall in the value of Sterling “has already dented library purchasing budgets by 16%. As a result, many large university libraries anticipate deficits of around £400,000 this year and some contracts have yet to be paid.” Uncertainty over currency fluctuations means “libraries’ budgetary positions may therefore change unpredictably during the year. […] faced with hard decisions about what to cut, they will be forced to cancel what they can as renewals fall due, rather than what their users might best manage without.” “As the proportion of library acquisitions budgets that is spent on journals has risen (from 46% to 53% over the past decade), book purchasing has been ever more squeezed (dropping from £32 to £30 per FTE student over the past decade). Any further reduction in book purchasing would have a disproportionately damaging effect on the humanities, and many areas of the social sciences” Full briefing at:

The impact on academic libraries – UK
An orderly retreat from the big deal? Jill Taylor-Roe’s survey indicated that in 2010 institutions intend to take the following measures to cope with the economic crisis Request more funds from the University – 27% Cut the book fund – 18% (down from 23% this year) Cut the serials fund – 20% (up from 12% this year) Cancel big deals – 17% (up from 4% this year)

What is JISC Collections doing?

JISC Collections Priorities and Negotiation Strategy
Simple really… Listening to our members!!! Discussions with publishers outside of formal negotiations Priority To allow academic libraries to maintain access to core digital content Negotiation strategy No price rises at renewal Annual opt out from all agreements

What additional steps will JISC Collections take?
Revisit existing agreements to negotiate annual opt outs Greater Value from New Business and Licensing Models - Develop alternatives to the 'opt-in model' Structure agreements to include access for the whole community Cross-sectoral licensing - higher education and further education, schools, the NHS and cultural institutions. Explore how NESLi2 can be extended to support the transition to Open Access Sustainable models for e-books - national e-books observatory and the e-textbook business trials Develop alternatives to the 'opt-in model' that where possible and cost effective, widen access to digital content and maximize the value of existing institutional expenditure. Where feasible structure deals to include access for the whole community, either because the publisher has maximum market penetration, or where there is a strong demand for resources but take up is limited because of the high cost of the content. Where possible break down the licensing barriers between institutions and make links between higher education and further education, schools, the NHS and cultural institutions. Explore how NESLi2 can be extended to support the transition to Open Access, particularly through the collection and payment of 'author pays' fees in OA Gold models. Continue to work to create sustainable models for e-books (national e-books observatory and the e-textbook business trials)

What additional steps will JISC Collections take?
JISC Collections Request for Proposals – Get as many resources and providers using the JISC model licence as possible Better pricing Improve usage and value of JISC Collections’ National Agreements Develop portals to bring perpetually licensed material (and JISC funded material) together in one place Help academic libraries manage their collections and demonstrate value for money Usage Statistics portal Briefing papers for every JISC Collections’ member on savings from JISC Collections archival purchases Licensing that is more about “Can” than “Can’t” Unfairly, libraries often seen as a barrier to institutional ambitions!

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE VISIT:
Thank you THANK YOU FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE VISIT: LIAM EARNEY

01 December 2018 | Project Board Meeting | Slide 22
Briefing Event 22

What do the findings mean?
Caren Milloy, Senior Collections Manager, JISC Collections Slide 23

1. ABOUT THE PROJECT Slide 24

The Vision The UK education community will have access to quality e-book content that is of high relevance to teaching, learning and research across the broadest range of subject areas. Flexible business and licensing models will support a diversity of needs, allowing users to do what they want when they want and how they want for education purposes. All e-books will be easily discoverable and consistent standards will allow all content to be fully integrated into library, learning and research environments. E-Books Working Group 2007 The UK Academic Vision and the role of JISC Collections The vision was created last year by the JISC Collections e-books working group which consists of UK librarians who are experts in e-book and who advise JISC Collections in the licensing of e-books. So what is the vision? That e-books that are highly relevant to student study will be available, that there will be felxible business model, and licensing models that allow users to use the e-books according to their needs and that all these ebooks will be easy to find and will meet the required standards to ensure interopabiluty and integaration.

Different selling chain What business models? What licensing models?
Why the project? Different selling chain What business models? What licensing models? Not sure what e-books are available Who should take the lead? And it is understandable that publishers don’t want to risk putting their core textbooks online and sell them through the library because Libraries represent a completely different route to market for e-book publishers and the book selling chain changes quite dramatically. Currently no one knows what will be the most appropriate models as there is just not enough evidence of exactly how students will use e-books if they are made freely available through the library. This is why publishers' have been slow to make their core textbooks available online, but to move the market forward and to take the firsr steps towards achiving the Vision, someone had to take the lead and gather this evidence. The e-books working group commission therefore commisioned A Feasibility Study on the Acquisition of E-books in Higher Education and the role of the JISC. A feasibility study on the acquisition of e-books by HE libraries and the role of JISC The study looked at the acquisition of TEXTBOOKS by HE libraries and explored what the role of the JISC might be in a market that has traditionally sold direct to the user.

Why UK higher education has not bought more e-books
E-book pricing models are not satisfactory (64%) There is too little choice of e-book titles (62%) E-book access models are not satisfactory (53%) We are waiting for the market to settle down (33%) We are waiting for JISC Collections to offer better e-book deals (30%) E-books are too expensive (28%) I do not know what is available (18%) There is no demand for e-books here (13%) Affiliated/ external users are not allowed access (11%) The technology is too complicated (8%) Yes 68% No 32% If there is pressure, where is that coming from? Librarians (54%) Students (38%) Teachers (27%) Management (23%) Researchers (9%)

Project Aims license collections of e-books that are highly relevant to UK higher education taught course students in four discipline areas: Business and Management studies Engineering Medicine (not mental health or nursing) Media Studies evaluate the use of the e-books through deep log analysis and to asses the impact of the ‘free at the point of use’ e-books upon publishers, aggregators and libraries transfer knowledge acquired in the project to publishers, aggregators and libraries to help stimulate an e-books market that has appropriate business and licensing models There are three original aims of the project: The project will evaluate the use of the e-books through deep log analysis. The deep log data will provide quantitative information about user behaviours and patterns of use. This will be supplemented by qualitative data from user surveys to explain the patterns of use. Thus we will be able to find out not only the who what when and where but why users did what they did. This data will be used to inform future strategies on the promotion and design of e-books and to asses the impact of ‘free at the point of use’ e-books upon publishers, aggregators and libraries.

The largest study of its kind!
36 course text e-books freely available to all UK HE Over 48,000 responses to benchmarking surveys carried out in January 2008 and in January 2009 Raw server logs have been analysed to see exactly how users discover, navigate and use the e-books Case studies including focus groups held at eight universities Library circulation and print sales data has been analysed Slide 29

2. INITIAL FINDINGS Slide 30

Use patterns Use of e-books over the year: Sharp peaks and deep declines Use of e-books over 24 hours: 25% of use between 6pm and 8am Use patterns: Use of e-books and course text e-books is heavily tied to the pattern of the academic timetable. This equates with other e-book and e-journal studies and is not a surprise. Use in summer is generally low, average in spring and winter and high in autumn. Most use occurs at lunchtime (9% in the hour of 1pm). Use is rises steeply from 7am to 12am and falls steeply from 2pm – 6pm and then less steeply between 6pm and 8pm.

Where is the use coming from?
31% of off campus use illustrates how important e-books are for home study – so we have got to get the access right Students told us in the survey the most important benefit of the e-book is 24/7 access Use patters: 63% of access came from on campus, 31% from off campus and 6% from overseas. What this shows is that the method of access to e-books is extremely important and it must be straight forward and fluid for the user.

Users are not raiding the cookie jar!
761,352 pages of the JISC e-books were viewed 65,000 sessions viewed the JISC e-books. 13 minute sessions, 8 pages per session Page view time of 22.8 seconds 85% of users spending less than 1 minute on a page Dip in and out of e-books, only using sections of it, non linear use

Types of pages viewed Content pages are broken down into book table of contents, book cover, forward and pages. 70% of users spent their time on actual pages within the e-book, 15% on the foreword, 11% on the table of contents and 4% on the cover. Page view time: 45% of users spent 10 seconds to 1 minute on the cover page, 44% on the table of contents and only 38% on the actual pages. 28% of users spent under 5 seconds on the pages compared to 50% on the foreword! 46% of users spent under 10 seconds on actual pages, much lower that the 66% that spend the same time on the foreword. users spend less time on the actual pages that they do on the foreword, table of contents and cover

Self reported user behaviour
This shows non-linear use – perhaps a different type of behaviour from the print world?

Student focus groups Use of e-textbooks for short sound bites Students are in ‘web type mode’ – flick quick and scan Quick fact extraction ‘Do what you need to do’ attitude Only used for short periods of time “I think there is a reasonable consensus that people tend to use e-books for finding specific pieces of information rather than in terms of extensive reading”

Print Books powerful attraction of the innate familiarity and of the physical entity that is the printed book easier to absorb information more conducive to certain forms of reading such as scanning more conducive to note making, annotation and highlighting don’t have to put mental processes on hold while waiting for the page to load don’t get disorientated read for longer periods comfortable to read print

Print V Electronic? Why do librarians want to buy e-books? Take the pressure off short loan collections To manage the high peaks of use To provide for their off campus users whether they be distance learners, students at home or on a placement Equality of access Librarians want e-books to CO-EXIST and SUPPLEMENT their print ‘I think it’s mainly the issue of availability – it depends on providing the extra access for short periods of time….so that you are providing supplementary access for things that are on reading lists – or in short loan; so everyone is getting access to them’ ‘Providing extra access for short periods of time…so that you are providing supplementary access for things on reading lists – or in short loans so that everyone is getting access to them’ (quote from librarian case studies) Libraries need to provide for their off campus users who require remote access such as medical, those on placements, overseas, distance learners etc Librarians need to provide for the students that are not so keen on the library such as the lab based students Librarians need to overcome issues regarding restricted space and vandalism Librarians want their e-textbook collections to co-exist and supplement their print collections.

Allow for convenience – 24/7 access and peaks of use
Print sales The findings from the study and the analysis of the print sales data indicates that making available course text e-books free at the point of use is not a threat to print sales revenue Students are using e-books in addition to the print they bought or borrowed! New business models must account for the uneven use non linear user behaviour Allow for convenience – 24/7 access and peaks of use E-books and print will co-exist Everything we hear from the libraries is that this is still a mixed economy - Co-exist with the print world and we need business models that recognise this. We see a lot of activity but it is concentrated on limited time periods during the academic year, the data that we have, re impact on sales figures, shows that there was no impact on prints and why would there be as what we see is users going in and out very quickly. We believe that the findings indicate that people really want to keep a book to read in a consistent, a frequent or linear way they will buy it. If they want access to a book to dip in, to scan through or reference for a short period of time, the e-book is the perfect answer. This is a different type of use than we would expect from a users that would buy that book. Our focus groups with the libraries indicate that this is a mixed economy but the libraries are not happy with the pricing models currently on offer for e-books. We believe that the findings show that e-books do not present a significant threat to hard back print sales. This is a new market that publishers can exploit rather than and grow, rather than a threat to an existing market. We believe that the price model for e-books sold to libraries must be affordable and reflect the uneven use and that they augment the short loan collection.

3. SPEED, SPEED, SPEED! Slide 40

Business Model Trials A study on the management and economic impact of e-textbook business models on publishers, e-book aggregators and universities Aim is to create realistic, simple and sustainable business models using real data from a range of access models Reviewed the current e-textbook business model landscape Selected a variety a trials following consultation with a range of stakeholders Will include the ‘crown jewel’ e-textbooks The trials will take place over a full academic year The impacts on print sales, time and resource will be measured Take account of the uneven and non-linear use Idea that institutions can pick the relevant access model that suits their needs.

Licensing “… its very complex…you spend a lot of time trying to work out exactly what you are being offered and what the terms and conditions would be and working out what would be the advantage to you, and the relative costs – so that takes up a lot of time” Future work: further develop the JISC model licence for e-books in light of findings and encourage widespread adoption of the JISC model licence by e-book aggregators and publishers. Make DRM more flexible to account for user behaviours and develop new licensing for E-book readers. Librarians want consistency The more complex and different each licence is, the more difficult it is for librarians to manage and disseminate the terms and conditions of use The JISC model licence is accepted and understood by libraries develop – encourage the change to DRM settings to allow unlimited concurrent use and to take account of the peaks, how students actually use the e-books, future proofing for new trends etc….

Standards “Publishers and aggregators should focus on providing libraries with quality metadata to ensure discoverability in the places where staff and students go to find out what’s available” “Although the majority of statistics are COUNTER compliant, some librarians perceive that this adds little to their value, and may not help with comparisons across platforms due to the disparate COUNTER reports used by different publishers / e-book aggregators” Future work: redefine the essential and minimum standards that are required to ensure discoverability, allow all users to manipulate e-books according to their accessibility requirements and to allow easy evaluation of statistics Accessibility workshop for e-books - Metadata workshops for e-books - Get widespread adoption of these standards through the JISC model licence Federated access management – easy access for all the off campus users is essential.

E-book design & platforms
Current interfaces are inadequate, unusable and do not allows students and academics to use them how they need to for study and research Future work: use the data from the project to inform the development of e-books and e-book platforms to match actual user behaviour and to make them intuitive to use The e-book will change from its current format.

Thank you

The Knowledge Exchange

Introduction International collaboration between four countries: United Kingdom Germany Denmark Netherlands

Resources Five resources offered: Wiley Blackwell e-books Multi-Science BioOne TheScientificWorldJOURNAL ALJC

Business models Three different business models: Transnational opt-in Transnational aggregation National subscription

Business models Transnational opt-in Institutions chose whether they want to subscribe More subscriptions mean greater discounts

Transnational aggregation
Business models Transnational aggregation Institutions chose whether they want to subscribe More subscriptions mean greater discounts We always try to put best efforts on the publisher and reasonable efforts on ourselves

Business models National subscription Subscriptions bought for all institutions at national level More countries mean more discounts

Progress report TSWJ most popular Take up of Wiley e-books is good Other resources not so popular

Ben Taplin – B.Taplin@jisc.ac.uk
Thanks for listening Ben Taplin –

NESLi2 SMP

Why SMP? NESLi2 is one of the most successful strands of JISC Collections. Average annual savings of over £3 million. 18 publishers covered – around 6000 journals. Mainly “Big Deal”. All major deals already accounted for. Focus on larger publishers, smaller ones overlooked. Institutional demand for broader range of journals, more specialised packages.

Which publishers? Criteria for selection
NESLi2 Model Licence. Discounts off standard prices, JISC banding. Membership of UKAMF, implementation of compliance technologies COUNTER compliant. Evaluation panel of academics, librarians, JISC Collections staff. Launched with 13 publishers in Expanded to 18 in 2009.

Publishers Australian Academic Press
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Berg Publishing Berkeley Electronic Press (Bepress) Brill Duke University Expert Reviews (formerly FutureDrugs) Future Medicine Geological Society of America Hart Publishing IOS Press Karger Liverpool University Press Multi-Science Publishing Now Publishers Royal Society of Medicine SPIE University of California Press

Benefits for institutions
Wider range of resources. More specialised packages. Security of Model Licence. Compliance with JISC Collections terms and conditions.

Benefits for publishers
Single channel to the UK higher and further education and research communities. Standardised and efficient approach for offers and licences. Association with the recognised branding of NESli2 and the visibility that this provides . Collection of subscription fees at an additional cost- if desired. We always try to put best efforts on the publisher and reasonable efforts on ourselves

Progress report: Spring 2009
97% awareness and satisfaction, but … No budget, no time Not enough discounts Agreements too complicated

For more information see http://www.nesli2.ac.uk/smp-information.html
Ben Taplin –

JISC Collections.

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