1. Materials: Catalyst sheet, notes sheet
*Turn in parent letter to front tray.
Catalyst (5 min): In the following code, each symbol stands for two possible letters:
+ stands for I or A * stands for B or W = stands for C or T & stands for E or K ? stands for L or H
The five-letter code word * ? + = & can be translated into two English words, and each one means the opposite of the other. What are the two words?

2. Materials: none *Turn in Parent letter to Blue Tray
*Get out notes/independent practice from yesterday and place on your desk
Catalyst:
How many different nitrogenous bases make up DNA?
What is the structure of DNA called?
What type of macromolecule is DNA considered?

3. Elite Eight Trait Check-Up
Respect the Threshold
Everyone on time?
Silent for First Five?
Be Prepared (2 min)
Seated
Have materials
Working on catalyst

4. Class Motto
If there is a problem, We look for a solution. If there is a better way, We find it. If we need help, We ask. If a teammate needs help, We give.

5. Announcements
Parent Letter Due TOMORROW
No tutorial today!

6. Objectives I can explain the function of DNA in cells.
I can draw and label the structure of DNA.
I can name the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA.
I can calculate percentages of bases in a strand of DNA.
I can replicate strands of DNA.

7. DNA Review DNA Genes Chromosomes
*Note: NOT included in GN
DNA Review
1. What part of the cell is genetic information (DNA) found?
The nucleus
2. Describe the organization of DNA starting with its simplest form using the terms: DNA, Chromosomes, and genes
DNA
Genes
Chromosomes
3. How many chromosomes do you get from each of your parents?
23 from your mother and 23 from your father

8. Watson & Crick
Franklin
Nature 1953

9. The Organization of DNA
*Note: NOT included in GN
DNA
Genes
Chromosomes

10. *Note: NOT included in GN

11. DNA (Notes) What is DNA? DNA: deoxyribo nucleic acid DNA carries genes
DNA is the directions for making ALL the proteins in our bodies. Proteins control EVERYTHING!

12. What does DNA do?
The fly’s eyes in this picture are different colors because they have different DNA that codes for proteins that make eye color.

13. DNA What does DNA look like? DNA looks like a twisted ladder
The structure of DNA is called a double helix
This means that DNA has 2 strands
DNA is made of nucleotides

14. The backbone (side of the ladder) is made of sugar and phosphate
What does DNA look like?
DNA has 3 parts:
1. Sugar (deoxyribose)
2. Phosphate groups
3. Nitrogenous base
The backbone (side of the ladder) is made of sugar and phosphate
They are kept together with strong phosphodiester bonds
The rungs are made of the bases
They are kept together with weak hydrogen bonds
Sugar & phosphate
bases

15. DNA (THINK) What does DNA look like? What forms the “backbone” of DNA?
Where are the weak bonds in DNA?
Why do you think DNA is important?

16. Nitrogenous Bases
There are 4 bases in DNA nucleotides 1. Adenine Thymine 3. Guanine Cytosine

17. The order of the bases tells the ribosome what proteins to make
Nitrogenous Bases
The order of the bases tells the ribosome what proteins to make

18. Nitrogenous Bases
The four bases always pair up so: o A ALWAYS goes with T o G ALWAYS goes with C This means that in a piece of DNA, there are equal amounts of A & T and G & C

19. DNA (THINK) How do the bases always fit together?
If there are 10 thymines in a strand of DNA, how many adenines are there?
How does DNA carry its message?

22. Independent Practice
Complete # 1-13 on DNA and Replication Independent Practice located on the back of your worksheet.

23. Panther Pass Procedure
Put away all notes.
Get out a half sheet of notebook paper (save the other half for next time or share with a friend!)
Write your name, date, class period, and panther pass at the top right.
No talking or your exit ticket will be taken away = ZERO!

24. Panther Pass What is the function of DNA?
How many different bases make up DNA?
What does A always pair with?
What does C always pair with?
What is the structure of DNA called?
What macromolecule is DNA considered?
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic acid
Protein

25. Calculating %s of Bases
Let’s say you know that 10% of the nucleotides in a strand of DNA are adenine. How could you figure out what percent are composed of the other nucleotides?

26. Calculating %s of Bases
Example: a strand of DNA is 10% adenine. What percent guanine is it?
REMEMBER: %A = % T , %G = % C
THINK: %A + %T + %C + %G = 100%

27. Calculating %s of Bases
Example: a strand of DNA is 10% adenine. What percent guanine is it?
Step 1: Write the percent for the complementary nucleotide
10% A =
Step 2: Write the percent for the other 2 nucleotides
%A + %T + %C + %G = 100%
Step 3: Find what the question is asking
What percent guanine is it?

28. WE DO: If a DNA strand is 33% G, what percent of it must be C?
What percent of it must be A?

29. DNA REPLICATION

30. DNA Replication
Before a cell goes through meiosis or mitosis, its DNA must make a copy
DNA Replication: a new copy of DNA is made from an old one.
DNA replication is important because our cells need 2 copies of DNA to reproduce

31. DNA Replication
Sometimes this proteins makes mistakes called mutations.
Mutation = change in DNA
Mutation leads to VARIATION!
Think: What are some other places where we see variation?

32. Writing the Replicated Strands of DNA
REMEMBER:
A pairs with:
G pairs with: T C
If a strand of DNA is: G C G T A T C G
The copied strand is: C G C A T A G C

33. Writing the Replicated Strands of DNA
If a strand of DNA is: G C G T A T C G C A
The copied strand is:
Writing the Replicated Strands of DNA
REMEMBER:
A pairs with:
C pairs with:

34. DNA Replication If a strand of DNA is: A T C C T G C T
The copied strand is: T A G G A C G A
If a strand of DNA is: C C T T A G C T
The copied strand is: G G A A T C G A

35. Panther Pass Procedure
Put away all notes.
Get out a half sheet of notebook paper (save the other half for next time or share with a friend!)
Write your name, date, class period, and panther pass at the top right.
No talking or your exit ticket will be taken away = ZERO!

36. Panther Pass What is the function of DNA?
How many different bases make up DNA?
What does A always pair with?
What does C always pair with?
What is the structure of DNA called?
What macromolecule is DNA considered?
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic acid
Protein

37. Panther Pass
If a DNA strand is 44% Cytosine, how much of it is Adenine?
Replicate the following DNA strand:
ATC GCT