1. Biology Chapter 3 Dr. Steve W. Altstiel Naples High School
Cell Structure
Biology
Chapter 3
Dr. Steve W. Altstiel
Naples High School

2. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Characteristics of Prokaryotes:
Single-celled
Do not contain membrane-bound organelles.
Contain a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane.
Some have capsules that surround the cell wall.
Many have flagella.

3. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus – internal compartment that houses the cell’s DNA.
Organelles­ – structures that carry out special activities.

4. Organelles
Cell membrane – selectively permeable. It is a double layer of phospholipids called a lipid bilayer.
Phospholipid – a lipid made up of a phosphate group and two fatty acids.
Membrane proteins – different types of proteins are embedded in the cell membrane.
Receptor proteins – bind specific substances.
Transport proteins – aids movement of substances into and out of the cell.

5. Organelles
Cytoplasm – region of the cell within the membrane that contains fluid.
All chemical reactions occur here.

6. Organelles
Cytoskeleton – filaments and fibers that support the cell’s structure and movement.
Microfilaments – long, slender fiber made of the protein actin.
Microtubules – hollow fibers made of the protein tubulin.
Intermediate fibers – thick ropes of protein.

7. Organelles
Nucleus – control center of the cell. Contains the genetic material.

8. Organelles
Nuclear envelope – double membrane contains many pores (nuclear pore).

9. Organelles
Nucleolus – contains RNA and protein. Produces ribosomes.

10. Organelles
Endoplasmic reticulum – Complex network of channels that transports material.
Assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
Smooth ER – contains no ribosomes.
Makes lipids and detoxifies
Rough ER – Contains ribosomes. Where protein synthesis occurs.
Packages proteins in vesicles and send to golgi apparatus.

11. Organelles
Ribosomes – contains RNA and protein. Site of protein synthesis.

12. Organelles
Mitochondria – “powerhouse” – organelle surrounded by two membranes.
Produces ATP
Site of cellular respiration

13. Organelles Lysosomes – contains digestive enzymes.
Digests broken organelles and parts.
Clean up crew of the cell.

14. Organelles
Golgi apparatus – Helps make and package material to be transported out of the cell. “Packing and Shipping”