1. Taxonomy EQ: What are the major characteristics of the 3 domains
Taxonomy EQ: What are the major characteristics of the 3 domains? What are the differencees among the kingdoms?

2. Domains Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains
Archaea and Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles)
Eukarya (eukaryotes) more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

3. ARCHAEA ARCHAEAN  Kingdom - ARCHAEBACTERIA
Probably the 1st cells to evolve
Live in HARSH environments
Found in:
Sewage Treatment Plants (Methanogens)
Thermal or Volcanic Vents (Thermophiles)
Hot Springs or Geysers that are acid
Very salty water (Dead Sea; Great Salt Lake) - Halophiles
ARCHAEAN 

4. BACTERIA Kingdom - EUBACTERIA Some may cause DISEASE
Found in ALL HABITATS except harsh ones
Important decomposers for environment
Commercially important in making cottage cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc.

5. Live in the intestines of animals
E. Coli

6. Domain Eukarya is Divided into Kingdoms
Protista (protozoans, algae…)
Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …)
Plantae (multicellular plants)
Animalia (multicellular animals)

7. 1. Protista Most are unicellular Some are multicellular
Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic
Aquatic
Ex: Amoebas, paramecium, Euglena and Diatoms

8. 2. Fungi Multicellular, except yeast
Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food outside their body & then absorb it)
Cell walls made of chitin (polysaccharide)
Ex: mushrooms, yeast, black bread mold.

9. 3. Plantae Multicellular Autotrophic
Absorb sunlight to make glucose – Photosynthesis
Cell walls made of cellulose
Growth, with increases in size and number of cells, is part of development.
Development involves many stages from conception until death.

10. 4. Animalia Multicellular
Ingestive heterotrophs (consume food & digest it inside their bodies)
Feed on plants or animals
Ex; Reptiles, Amphibians, Aves, Mammals, Fish

11. Characteristics of Animals
•Fish
There is a great deal of diversity among the animals we call
fish, but they all share certain things in common. All fish:
-live in water
-have fins
-breathe through gills.
•Amphibians
Amphibians include the frogs, toads and salamanders. Amphibians:
-have smooth or bumpy skin
-are dependent on water for reproduction
-can breathe with lungs or gills depending on the species, but all
-an breathe through their skin.
•Reptiles
Reptiles include lizards, snakes, turtles and crocodilians
(alligators, crocodiles and a couple others). They are characterized by:
-having tough, dry, scaly skin
-breathing with lungs
-having eggs with a leathery eggshell that does not have to be laid
-in water to survive (though some reptiles do not lay eggs and instead have
-live births)
-being ectothermic (cold-blooded).
Birds
Birds have some fairly obvious common characteristics:
-feathers
-beaks
-wings
as well as some not so obvious characteristics, such as:
-remarkably lightweight bones
-being endothermic (warm-blooded).
•Mammals
Mammals are the group of vertebrates that includes humans, river otters and dolphins. The characteristics of mammals are they:
-are endothermic (warm-blooded)
-have hair
-breathe air with lungs
-give live births
-produce milk

14. Dichotomous Keys Used to identify organisms
Characteristics given in pairs
Read both characteristics and either go to another set of characteristics OR identify the organism

15. Example of Dichotomous Key
1a Tentacles present – Go to 2
1b Tentacles absent – Go to 3
2a Eight Tentacles – Octopus
2b More than 8 tentacles – 3
3a Tentacles hang down – go to 4
3b Tentacles upright–Sea Anemone
4a Balloon-shaped body–Jellyfish
4b Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5