1. The Unification of Germany and Italy
Nationalism
The Unification of Germany and Italy

2. Make a timeline with these dates:
1858
1860
1861
1864
1866
1870

3. What is Nationalism? Write this on the bottom or back of your timeline
Love of a nation, its heritage, and its people; not necessarily its ruler
Belief in Common Bonds such as:
Ethnic ancestry
Language
Culture
History
Religion
Territory

4. Germany In the 1800’s Germany was a region but not a nation
39 states, dominated by Austria and Prussia
Austria’s population was ethnically diverse
Prussia’s population was German

6. 1861 Prussia begins Unification
Wilhelm I takes the throne
Doubles Army
Otto von Bismarck, Prime Minister
Realpolitik, “politics of reality”
rules without parliament or legal budget
Wilhelm I
Otto von Bismarck

7. 1864 Prussia allies with Austria Attacks Denmark, gains territory
Divides land between Austria and Prussia
Otto von Bismarck
To Prussia
To Austria

8. 1866 After becoming allies, Prussia provokes war with Austria
“Seven Weeks’ war” won by Prussia
Prussia controls all of Northern Germany

9. 1870-1 Prussia forces a “national” war against France
All of Germany follows Prussia
France is soundly defeated
New name: German Empire with Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhelm I as its leader
Napoleon III

10. Results France hands over the border valley of Alsace-Lorraine
1860
Results
France hands over the border valley of Alsace-Lorraine
Balance of Power in Europe is destroyed in favor of Prussia
A Strong German nation that could threaten Russia or France
1871

11. Italy Once the center of Roman Empire
Since then divided into small states, ruled by princes (called principalities)
By 1800’s real power in Europe was Austria
But Italy possessed all requirements of a strong nation and nationalism
Old Roman Empire

12. Unification 1858 Sardinia, strongest of the Italian States
Constitutional Monarchy
Wants unity for personal power
Allies with France against Austria
Gains lands in the North
Camillo di Cavour
Victor Emmanuel

13. 1860—Giuseppe Garibaldi “Red Shirts”, loyal 1,000 volunteers
Nationalists
Captures Sicily and marches north towards Rome
Met by King of Sardinia and his army
agrees to give Southern Italy to King
What is his pic doing here?

14. The Final Pieces 1866 Austria losses war with Prussia
With Austria distracted Italy attacks gains Venice
1870
France loses war with Prussia
Italy captures Rome, unites all of Italy (Vatican City is given to Pope)

15. Results Italy is ruled by constitutional king
Divided by regions, industrial north vs. agricultural south
Internal problems: politics, strikes, peasant revolts
United but a WEAK nation

16. 1860
1871

17. William I, Otto von Bismarck Franco- Prussian War Seven Weeks’ War
Germany
Leaders—
William I, Otto von Bismarck
Franco- Prussian War
Seven Weeks’ War
Resulting government:
German empire
Austria left out of the confederation
Resistance by liberals
Catholic— Protestant divisions
Prussia led unification drive
Both
aristocrats
Many separate states united by spirit of nationalism
One state led unification
At start, some territories and states held by foreign powers
Italy
Cavour, Garibaldi, Victor Emanuel II
War with Austria
United Kingdom
Treaty left Pope in control of Vatican City
Cultural divisions remain between industrial north and agricultural south
Majority Catholic
Sardinia led unification drive

18. Make sure your timeline has these dates listed on it:
1858- Italy wants land to unite, allies with Prussia
1860- Nationalists rise up in Italy
1861- Prussia unites
1864- Prussia allies with Austria
1866- Prussia starts war with Austria
1870-  Prussia starts war with France
German Empire begins
Italy captures Rome and unites all of Italy