2. James I 1603-1625 Becomes King when Elizabeth I dies
Fights with Parliament over taxes & money
Survives the Gunpowder Plot assassination attempt

3. Charles I 1625-1649 Struggles with Parliament
Signs the Petition of Right - further limits rights of the king
After dissolving parliament, a Civil War against the armies of Parliament
Executed for treason

4. Oliver Cromwell 1649-1658 Puritan army general Abolishes the monarchy
Rules as a military dictator
Has Charles I executed

5. The Commonwealth of England
Rule by the “Rump” Parliament
Puritan reforms for the “nation’s morals”
Religious toleration for the 1st time

6. Charles II 1658-1685 Exiled to France during Cromwell’s rule
Restores the monarchy after Cromwell’s death
Dissolves Parliament over his brother as heir
Saw the formation of the Whig & Tory Parties

7. James II 1685-1688 Brother of Charles II
Roman Catholic, which upset Protestants in England
Struggles with Parliament
Overthrown in the Glorious Revolution – “peaceful”

8. William & Mary 1688-1762 Offered the throne by Parliament
Mary is James II daughter
Begins a Constitutional Monarchy
Share power with Parliament