1. Factors that affect climate
LACEMOPS
Factors that affect climate

2. Notebook Setup
On page 19, glue the “Weather is…Climate is…” worksheet down
On page 20 – 21, glue down the LACEMOPS worksheets
On page 22, glue down the “World Climate Zones” worksheet

3. Explain in two sentences why we have seasons.
Warmup
Explain in two sentences why we have seasons.

4. Weather vs Climate
Weather: the daily condition of the atmosphere. Includes temperature and precipitation
Copywrite: Gwen Brunet, 1995

5. Climate
Climate: Average weather conditions measured over an extended period of time (30+ years)
Copywrite: Gwen Brunet, 1995

6. More Weather Precipitation: Moisture that falls from the sky.
4 Forms = rain, snow, sleet and hail

7. Types of Precipitation
Frontal Precipitation: Frontal precipitation results when the leading edge (front) of  a warm air mass meets a cool air mass. The warmer air mass is forced up over the cool air. As it rises the warm air cools, moisture in the air condenses, clouds and precipitation result.

8. Types of Precipitation
Convectional Precipitation:
Moist, surface-heated air masses rise, cool and condense.

9. Types of Precipitation
Orographic Precipitation:
Mountains block moisture. The windward side receives the precipitation, while the leeward side receives very little.

10. World Climate Regions To what climate region does Austin belong?

11. LACEMOPS L-atitude A-ir Masses C-ontinentality E-levation
M-ountain Barriers
O-cean Currents
P-ressure and Prevailing winds
S-torms
Copywrite: Gwen Brunet, 1995

12. Latitude Most important factor
The farther away from the Equator, the colder and drier it becomes.
Direct rays of the sun are always between the Tropics.
Areas outside the Tropics receive indirect sun rays.

13. Latitude: Earth Sun Relations
On what date does the sun’s rays hit directly on the Tropic of Cancer?
What is this day called?

14. Air Masses
In the northern hemisphere, cold air from the polar regions comes from the north.
Hot air from the Tropics comes from the south.
The opposite occurs in the southern hemisphere.

15. Continentality
Water moderates climate because water takes longer to heat and cool than land.
Areas inland from the coast will be hotter in the summer and colder in the winter than areas with the same latitude on the coast.
Mongolia…continental climate

16. Elevation
Temperature drops as you rise in elevation. It decreases 3.5o F for every 1,000 feet increase in elevation.
If a mount peak is 10,000 ft, and the base is 75o F. What is the temperature at the peak?
Hint = 3.5 x 10

17. Mountain Barriers
Mountains can stop storms and air masses. Wind containing moisture hits the windward side of a mountain, and precipitation occurs. Windward sides of mountains have lush vegetation.
After the precipitation occurs, the clouds have no moisture and are able to rise over the mountain.
The Leeward side is then arid and receives the rain shadow effect. Deserts are often found on the leeward side of mountains.

18. Ocean Currents
Cold currents help create dry conditions. Warm currents help create warm conditions.
The Atacama Desert on the western South American coast was formed partially because of a cold ocean current.
Warm currents, like the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift, help keep Europe’s temperatures moderate even though they are located at very high latitudes.

19. Ocean Currents

20. Pressure and Prevailing Winds
High Pressure is heavy, cold air. Low pressure is warm, light air.
Heated air rises.
There are some fairly constant air pressure systems.

21. Storms
Where polar winds meet Westerlies there are storms. When hot air masses and cold air masses collide - there are storms.
Cyclonic storms in the northern Hemisphere spin counter-clockwise.
Clockwise in the southern hemisphere.

22. Greenhouse Effect vs Global Warming
Energy radiated by the sun converts to heat when it reaches Earth. Some heat is reflected back through the atmosphere, while some is absorbed by atmospheric gases and radiated back to Earth. The greenhouse effect makes the planet comfortable and livable. Without it Earth would be a cold, lifeless planet.

23. Global Warming
Global warming is the gradual increase in global temperatures caused by the emission of gases that trap the sun's heat in the Earth's atmosphere.
Gases that contribute to global warming include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and halocarbons (the replacements for CFCs).
The carbon dioxide emissions are primarily caused by the use of fossil fuels for energy.

25. Meet the Spheres

26. Climate Zones Color-by-Numbers
Using colored pencils/crayons and your Climate Zones Color-by-Numbers map, you will color all of the continents
You may color the oceans if you wish, but that is not necessary
Helpful hint = the cold (polar regions and mountains) should be blues, the deserts (arid) should be browns/reds, and the tropical, temperate, and Mediterranean zones should be greens