1. Dr. Bill Vicars Lifeprint.com

2. ASL Linguistics: Time and Aspect
Linguistics, 5th Edition, Unit 18, Page

3. Are you able to sign about yesterday?

4. Can you sign about tomorrow?

5. ASL is not limited to "here and now."

6. What is that called?

7. Displace-ment

8. What is an independent lexical item?

9. It is a "word" or a "sign."

10. What is displacement?

11. "Able to talk about other times."

12. What lexical items are used for displacement?

13. tomorrow

14. yesterday

15. soon (versions)

16. two days ago

17. will

18. To "mark" something in language means what?

19. "mark" means to indicate

20. "mark" means "attach meaning"

21. "mark" means designate

22. What is an independent lexical item?

23. A word (or sign).

24. What is a unit of meaning that is (generally) smaller than a word?

25. morpheme

26. Give me an example of...

27. An English morpheme that marks time.

28. "-ed"

29. For example "walked" = walk in the past

30. "He walks" = third person present

31. "-s" and "-ed" are called...

32. tense markers

33. "-s" and "-ed" show what time is intended

34. They "mark" time.

35. Instead of adding a morpheme we can...

36. Use a different form of the verb

37. What is a different form of “SEE”? (in English)

38. SEE > SAW

39. What is a different form of “run”? (in English)

40. RUN > RAN

41. So, English creates displacement how?

42. independent lexical items

43. special morphemes

44. "-ed" and "-s" are bound morphemes

45. Does ASL use bound morphemes to mark tense?

46. Generally “no.” [That is the answer for any tests]

47. You will see stuff like: “very-RECENT” but the “very” (cheek-shoulder) is an adverb in this situation and part of the independent lexical item “very-RECENT” which is the tense marker for whatever your are saying happened recently.

48. ASL (usually) marks time via ...

49. independent lexical items.

50. For example:

51. NOW

52. TODAY

53. YESTERDAY

54. TOMORROW

55. MORNING

56. AFTERNOON

57. NIGHT

58. NOON

59. MIDNIGHT

60. UP-UNTIL-NOW

61. NOT-YET

62. FROM-NOW-ON

63. RECENTLY

64. LATER

65. LONG-TIME-AGO

66. FUTURE

67. ...

68. Also numerical incorporation:

69. 2-YEARS

70. 3-WEEKS

71. 4-MONTHS

72. 5-HOURS

73. 6-MINUTES

74. 7 O'CLOCK

75. In "3-WEEK" the "3" handshape is what?

76. A bound morpheme

77. Displacement through: location and orientation

78. Ex: THREE-WEEK-AGO

79. TWO-YEAR-PAST

80. FOUR-YEAR-FROM-NOW

81. Displacement by: "TIME LINE"

82. front (forward) = "future"

83. back (behind) = "past"

84. you = "present"

85. Ex: YESTERDAY (backward)

86. Ex: TOMORROW (forward)

87. Other timeline-related signs include...

88. UP-TO-NOW

89. FROM-NOW-ON

90. Displacement by: "Habitual Time"

91. "EVERY" (?)

92. EVERY-MONDAY

93. EVERY-WEEK

94. EVERY-NIGHT

95. Note: The basic structure changes to achieve new meaning

96. We are NOT adding another sign.

97. We are keeping some parts...

98. and changing other parts.

99. Note: WILL & FINISH...

100. …mostly used for EMPHASIS

101. Example: ...

102. TOMORROW I/ME GO STORE

103. (Doesn't use "will").

104. If you add "WILL" it means you are emphatic!

105. TOMORROW I STORE, WILL!

106. Example:

107. YESTERDAY HE WALK

108. (not need "FINISH")

109. FINISH doesn't = "ed"

110. FINISH is generally not a “tense marker”

111. Consider: “Did you do your homework?”

112. YOU HOMEWORK YOU. Is not tense specific
YOU HOMEWORK YOU? Is not tense specific. It can mean: Did/will/are you do/doing your homework?

113. Sure, YOU FINISH HOMEWORK YOU
Sure, YOU FINISH HOMEWORK YOU? Can be considered a form of a tense marker. But also consider this interpretation: “Is your homework a thing of the past?” That is a present tense sentence.

114. FINISH tends to function more like a conjunction…

115. "When he got done eating..."

116. "After he got done brushing"

117. "Once he got done explaining..."

118. Topic: "Time of an Event"

119. Establish time at beginning of story.

120. You don’t need to modify each verb with "ed."

121. ----

122. ASPECT =

123. = WAY

124. = HOW

125. = Nature of

126. Verbs can be inflected to show aspect.

127. English adds suffixes like "ing" or "ly" to verbs.

128. Ex: continually

129. ASL instead changes the structure of the verb.

130. Ex: STUDY-CONTINUALLY

131. WRITE-CONTINUALLY

132. SIT-CONTINUALLY

133. English: regularly

134. ASL: STUDY-REGULARLY

135. GO-REGULARLY

136. PREACH-REGULARLY

137. SICK-REGULARLY

138. English: "over and over again"

139. ASL: STUDY-OVER-AND-OVER-AGAIN

140. LOOK-AT-OVER-AND-OVER-AGAIN

141. English: "In a hurry"

142. STUDY-IN-A-HURRY

143. SEW-IN-A-HURRY

144. WRITE-IN-A-HURRY

145. EAT-IN-A-HURRY

146. ANALYZE-IN-A-HURRY

147. English: Activity under pressure then concluded

148. ASL: GIVE-BIRTH

149. DRIVE-CAR (pressure)

150. RUN

151. STUDY (pressure)

152. Typing (under pressure)

153. STRUGGLE (pressure)

154. READ (pressure)

155. PUSH (pressure)

156. PULL (pressure)

157. 

158. Dr. Bill Vicars Lifeprint.com